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AP Psychology > Unit 7 : Development Modules 45-48 > Flashcards

Unit 7 : Development Modules 45-48 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Embryo

A

Developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization until second month

  • form takes shape, heartbeat develops
  • inner cells - embryo
  • outer cells - placenta
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2
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman heavy drinking. Causes small out of proportion heads and abnormal facial features

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3
Q

Fetus

A

Developing human organism from 2 months to birth

- 25 - 27 week baby more chance of survival

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4
Q

Maturation

A

sequential, biological growth process uninfluenced by experience.
Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience (sets basic course of dev.)
- sit up → stand up → walk → run
- thinking → memory → language
- frontal lobe develops last

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5
Q

Nature nurture debate

A

How genetic inheritance (nature) interacts with our experiences (nurture) to influence development

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6
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Touch to baby cheek; they turn toward the touch and open mouth

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7
Q

Teratogens

A 
harmful chemicals and viruses for the child
- alcohol
- smoking
- drugs (meds + bad)
- radiation
- fish
-caffeine
“Monster maker” agents; chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo/fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
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8
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

  • rapid cell division
  • becomes embryo when zygote attaches to uterus wall
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9
Q

sucking reflex

A

automatically suck on nipple

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10
Q

Babinski reflex

A

stroke bottom of foot, toes flare out

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11
Q

schema

A

concept/framework to organize info

- incomplete added to when we experience things

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12
Q

assimilation

A

interpret new experiences with existing schemas

- dog → sees wolf → call it “dog”

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13
Q

accommodation

A

adapt or adjust schemas to new info

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14
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth to 2 yo

explore through senses and actions (look, hear, touch, mouth)

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15
Q

object permanence

A

awareness that things continue to exist even when not seen

- out of sight out of mind

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16
Q

preoperational stage

A

2- ~6/7 yo
- symbolic thinking
child learns language + numbers, but does not use logic (imagining an action reversing it)

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17
Q

stranger anxiety

A

fear of faces you are not familiar with (~8 mo)

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18
Q

palmer reflex

A

press on ball of foot, toes curl in

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19
Q

Moro reflex

A

startled, arms flare/thrash

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20
Q

albert bandura

A

Observation learning, sees parents doing something does the same

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21
Q

Concrete operational stage

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A

6/7 - 11 yo

mental operations enable to think logically about concrete events

22
Q

Egocentrism

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A

difficulty of children to take others POV (close eyes and say “you cant see me” because the child doesn’t see anything

23
Q

theory of mind

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A

predict behavior based on others viewpoints

24
Q

concervation

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A

like mass, volume, and number remains the same even through changes in object

25
formal operational
~12 - adult | people being to think logically about abstract concepts
26
abstract/hypothetical thinking
what if / then | make your own right vs right because of viewpoints, not because someone said so
27
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
in childhood, marked by difficulties in communication and social interaction, rigidly fixed interest, repetitive behaviors
28
Lev Vygotsky
says that children can learn mental abilities younger than Piaget due to their environment through getting help from others
29
attachment
emotional tie/bond w/ another person (commonly with caregiver)
30
Adolescence
transitional stage from puberty to adult
31
Harry Harlow
Experiment with monkeys and how children look more for warmth than food
32
critical period
optimal period early in life of an organism when exposed to certain stimuli / experiences produces normal development
33
imprinting
Konrad Lorenz certain animals form strong attachment during early life critical period - hard to reverse - duckies following the person they first see (commonly mom)
34
secure attachment
mother present ➔ comfortable play mom leaves ➔ distress mom returns ➔ seeks contact
35
insecure attachment
anxiety/ avoiding trusting relationships. children dont explore mom leaves ➔ crying or dont care Insecure avoidant : doesn’t have reconnection w/ mom, avoid her soothing attempts, no return to play Insecure anxious : continue to cry when reconnected w/ mom, doesn’t return to play, rejects toys
36
temperatment
persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity (continue through life) -
37
basic trust
sense that the world is predictable + trust worthy; formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
38
Erik Erikson
Basic trust, and how attachments assist motivation and foundation of parent or romantic relationships
39
Moral reasoning
how people think about right and wrong
40
Self concept vs self esteem
all thought and feelings about oneself - answers "Who am I?" - developed ~12 yo a person's overall subjective sense of personal worth or value
41
authoritarian parenting
Diana Baumrind parents impose riles and expect obedience - "because i said so" - lower self esteem + social skills
42
authoritative parenting
Diana Baumrind both demanding and responsive. Set rules and enforces, explain reason behind rules and encourage discussions in order to place rules and expectations - high self esteem + social skills
43
permissive parenting
Diana Baumrind parents submit to childs desires, little demands and punishment - aggressive and immature
44
Zone of proximal development
Things you cant do by yourself ➥ things you can do with help ➥ things you can do by yourself
45
X and Y chromosome
``` XX = female XY = male (can only be given by father) ```
46
Intimacy
deep relationships can be formed | - parental, social, romantic
47
isolation
people don't foster relationships, and socially isolate themselves, leading to feelings of loneliness.
48
Symbolic thinking
preoperational ability to think about objects and events that are not within the immediate environment (language - santa as a symbol of seasonal celebration
49
Developmental psychology
Physical, cognitive, and social changes through life
50
Habituatation
Decrease in responding with repeated stimulation
51
Jean piaget
- cognitive dev psych | - stages of cognitive development

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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