Unit 14 (Modules 74-77)

Question 1

What defines the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another?

Module 74

Answer 1

social psychology

Question 2

What theory explains someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition?

Module 74

Answer 2

attribution theory

Question 3

What can be described as the tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition?

Module 74

Answer 3

fundamental attribution error

Question 4

What can be defined as the feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events?

Module 74

Answer 4

attitude

Question 5

What occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness?

Module 74

Answer 5

peripheral route persuasion

Question 6

What occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts?

Module 74

Answer 6

central route persuasion

Question 7

What phenomenon describes the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request?

Module 74

Answer 7

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Question 8

What is the set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave called?

Module 74

Answer 8

role

Question 9

Who created the Stanford Prison Experiment?

Module 74

Answer 9

Philip Zimbardo

Question 10

What theory says that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent? (for example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.)

Module 74

Answer 10

cognitive dissonance theory

Question 11

What we understand as the rules for accepted and expected behavior , a person having “proper” behavior?

Module 75

Answer 11

norms

Question 12

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to concide with a group can be described as what?

Module 75

Answer 12

conformity

Question 13

What can be described as the influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval?

Module 75

Answer 13

normative social influence

Question 14

What can be described as the influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality?

Module 75

Answer 14

informational social influence

Question 15

What social psychologist performed 20 experiments with one of his famous experiments testing authority over morality with voltages?

Module 75

Answer 15

Stanley Milgram

Question 16

What is the improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others called?

Module 76

Answer 16

social faciliation

Question 17

What is described as the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable?

Module 76

Answer 17

social loafing

Question 18

What can be described as the loss of self-awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity?

Module 76

Answer 18

deindividuation

Question 19

What can be described as the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group?

Module 76

Answer 19

group polarization

Question 20

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives can be called what?

Module 76

Answer 20

group think

Question 21

What can be described as the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next?

Module 76

Answer 21

culture

Question 22

What can be described as an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members, generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action?

Module 77

Answer 22

prejudice

Question 23

What can be described as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people?

Module 77

Answer 23

stereotype

Question 24

What defines the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get?

Module 77

Answer 24

just-world phenomenon

Question 25

What can be described as the “us”–people with whom we share a common identity?

Module 77

Answer 25

ingroup

Question 26

What can be described as the “them”–those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup?

Module 77

Answer 26

outgroup

Question 27

What can be defined as the tendency to favor our own group?

Module 77

Answer 27

ingroup bias

Question 28

What can be defined as the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame?

Module 77

Answer 28

scapegoat theory

Question 29

What is known as the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races (also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias)?

Module 77

Answer 29

other-race effect