Unit 9 (Modules 45-47)

Question 1

What branch of psychology studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout a life span?

Module 45

Answer 1

developmental psychology

Question 2

A scientist can classify a fertilized egg (it enters a 2-week period of cell division and develops into an rapid embryo) as what?

Module 45

Answer 2

zygotes

Question 3

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month is called a what?

Module 45

Answer 3

embryo

Question 4

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is called a what?

Module 45

Answer 4

fetus

Question 5

What kind of agents, such as chemical and viruses, can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm (literally, “monster makers”)?

Module 45

Answer 5

teratogens

chemicals = mostly from drugs

Question 6

What syndrome is classified as physical and cognitive abnormalities in children, caused by a pregnant women’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features?

Module 45

Answer 6

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 7

What term defines the following?:

the decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

Module 45

Answer 7

habituation

Question 8

What defines biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience?

Module 46

Answer 8

maturation

Question 9

All the mental activites associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating can be called what?

Module 47

Answer 9

cognition

Question 10

What psychologist believed that a child’s mind develops through a series of stages, in an upward march from the newborn’s simple reflexes to the adult’s abstract reasoning power?

Module 47

Answer 10

Jean Piaget

Question 11

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called what?

Module 47

Answer 11

schema

Question 12

What two methods are used to help us adjust our schemas (concept that organizes and interprets info)?

Module 47

Answer 12

• assimilation
• accommodation

Question 13

What method helps us with interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas (our current understanding)?

Module 47

Answer 13

assimilation

Question 14

What method helps us with adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information?

Module 47

Answer 14

accomodiation

Question 15

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived is called what?

Module 47

Answer 15

object permanence

Question 16

What are the four major stages in Piaget’s cognitive development?

Module 47

Answer 16

• sensorimotor stage
• preoperational stage
• concrete operational stage
• formal operational stage

Question 17

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activites?

Module 47

Answer 17

sensorimotor stage

Question 18

What stage in Piaget’s cognitive development focuses on the age from birth to nearly 2 years of age?

Module 47

Answer 18

sensorimotor stage

Question 19

What stage in Piaget’s theory, focuses on infants and their perspective of the world in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activites?

Module 47

Answer 19

sensorimotor stage

Question 20

In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, what are the two main focuses that infants have for their perspective on the world?

Module 47

Answer 20

• their sensory impressions
• motor activities (movement)

Question 21

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic?

Module 47

Answer 21

preoperational stage

Question 22

What stage in Piaget’s cognitive development focuses on the age from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age?

Module 47

Answer 22

preoperational stage

Question 23

In Piaget’s preoperational stage, what are two main takeaways involving a child?

Module 47

Answer 23

• a child learns to use language
• cannot comprehend concrete logic (does not understand the physical world principles/properties such as size [conservation] and distance)

Question 24

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage in which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic?

Module 47

Answer 24

preoperational stage

Question 25

What principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 25

conservation

Question 26

In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view is caused by what? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 26

egocentric

Question 27

People's ideas about their own and others' mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict can be called what? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 27

theory of mind

Question 28

What stage in Piaget's theory, is the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 28

concrete operational stage

Question 29

What stage in Piaget's cognitive development focuses on the age from about 7 to 11 years of age? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 29

concrete operational stage

Question 30

In Piaget's concrete operational stage, what is the main takeaway that happens for children in this stage? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 30

* they gain mental operations allowing them to think logically about concrete events

Question 31

What stage in Piaget's theory, is the stage of which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 31

concrete operational stage

Question 32

What in Piaget's theory, is the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 32

formal operatoinal stage

Question 33

What stage in Piaget's cognitive development focuses on the age from normally about age 12 and on? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 33

formal operational stage

Question 34

In Piaget's formal operational stage, what is the main takeaway that happens to a child during this stage? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 34

* children are finally able to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 35

What stage in Piaget's theory, is the stage during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 35

formal operational stage

Question 36

What's the difference between concrete operational stage and formal operational stage? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 36

* concrete operations are carried out on things (start to recognize their characteristics) * formal operations are carried out on ideas (start to perform abstract thinking and create hypothetical situations)

Question 37

Piaget emphasived how a child's mind grows through interaction with what kind of environment? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 37

[a] physical environment

Question 38

Vygotsky emphasived how a child's mind grows through interaction with what kind of environment? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 38

[a] social environment

Question 39

What kind of framework offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 39

scaffold

Question 40

What disorder appears during childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors? ## Footnote Module 47

Answer 40

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)