Unit 2- Antebrachial Flexors

Question 1

Role of the forearm

Answer 1

To assist the shoulder in application of force
Controlling placements of the hand in space
Allows free manipulation of the hand.

Question 2

The bulk of the forearm musculature is located:

Answer 2

Proximal with long tendonous insertions on the distal bony structures

Question 3

From a functional perspective, the forearm includes the:

Answer 3

Distal humerus

Question 4

The structures of the forearm are divided into:

Answer 4

An anterior and posterior compartment

Question 5

Flexors and pronators of the forearm are located:

Answer 5

In the anterior compartment

Question 6

The muscles in the anterior compartment are innervated by:

Answer 6

Median nerve

Except for 1 1/2 are supplied by ulnar nerve

Question 7

The brachioradialis is a(n) _______ (EXTENSOR/FLEXOR) located in the _________ compartment.

Answer 7

Flexor

Posterior

Question 8

The brachioradialis is innervated by:

Answer 8

Radial nerve

Question 9

What types of muscles are located in the posterior compartment?

Answer 9

Extensor and supinator

Question 10

Muscles in the posterior compartment are innervated by the

Answer 10

Radial nerve

Question 11

Function of fascia layers in the musculature of the forearm

Answer 11

Divides the forearm into functional units

Forms structures that assist in muscular function

Question 12

Antebrachial fascia (3)

Answer 12

Palmar aponeurosis
Palmar carpal ligament
Flexor retinaculum (aka- transverse carpal ligament)

Question 13

Where do the tendons of most flexors pass across?

Answer 13

The anterior surface of the wrist

Question 14

The tendons of most flexors are held in place by:

Answer 14

The palmar carpal ligament and the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

Question 15

Groups of the flexors

Answer 15

Superficial layer
Intermediate layer
Deep group

Question 16

Flexor muscles in the superficial layer (5)

Answer 16

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis

Question 17

All flexor muscles in the superficial layer are attached:

Answer 17

Proximally by the common flexor tendon to the medial epicondyle (common flexor origin)

Question 18

Flexor muscle in the intermediate layer

Answer 18

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 19

Flexor muscles in the deep group

Answer 19

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor polices longus
Pronator quadratics

Question 20

What flexor groups cross the elbow joint?

Answer 20

Superficial and intermediate groups

Question 21

OINA Pronator teres

Answer 21

OR: Humeral Head- from medial supracondylat ridge common flexor tendon
Ulnar head- from the medial side of the coronoid process

INS: Midway on lateral surface of radius

NS: Medial nerve

AC: Rotates the radius on the ulna
Helps flex the forearm
Used for quick powerful pronation

Question 22

OINA of Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 22

OR: medial epicondyle of humerus

INS: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

NS: Median

AC: Flexes hand at the wrist
Abducts wrist

Question 23

OINA for Palmaris Longus

Answer 23

OR: Medial epicondyle of humerus

INS: Anterior aspect of the distal flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

NS: Median

AC: Flexes hand at the wrist
Tightens aponeurosis

Question 24

Muscle absent in 10% of people

Answer 24

Palmaris longus

Question 25

OINA for Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 25

OR: Humeral head- From the medial epicondyle Ulnar head- from the medial margin of the olecranon and posterior border of ulna INS: Into the pisiform bone with and extension to the hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal base NS: Ulnar AC: Flexes wrist Adducts wrist

Question 26

In the forearm, the Ulnar nerve runs:

Answer 26

Between 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris and moves dismally

Question 27

Cubital tunnel syndrome area of pain and numbness

Answer 27

Medial 2 fingers

Question 28

OINA Brachioradialis

Answer 28

OR: Proximal 2/3rds of the lateral supracondylar ridge INS: Styloid Process of radius NS: Radial nerve AC: Flexes forearm

Question 29

Why is the brachioradialis an exception to the forearm muscle’s superficial layer rules?

Answer 29

It is technically located in the posterior compartment It is innervated by the radial nerve Is the a flexor of the forearm

Question 30

OINA for Flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 30

OR: Humeral head- Medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coranoid process of the ulna Radial head- Superior half of anterior radius INS: Middle phalanx of digits 25 NS: Medial nerve AC: Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) Contributes to flexion of all joints it crosses -flexes MP -Flexes wrist

Question 31

Where does each tendon split?

Answer 31

At the base of the proximal phalanges

Question 32

Why do the tendons split at the base of the proximal phalanges?

Answer 32

To allow the profunda tendon to pass through to the distal phalanx. These share a common synovial sheath

Question 33

OINA for flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 33

OR: Proximal 3/4 of medial ulna Interosseous membrane INS: Distal phalanx of digits 2-5 NS: Medial 1/2- Ulnar nerve Lateral 1/2- median nerve AC: Flexes distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) Contributes to flexion of all joints it crosses Flexes PIP Flexes MP Flexes wrist

Question 34

OINA for flexor pollicis longus

Answer 34

OR: Anterior aspect of radius Interosseous membrane INS: Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb NS: Median nerve (AIN) AC: Flexes IP Joint Flexes MP joint Flexes wrist

Question 35

OINA for pronator quatratus

Answer 35

OR: Distal 1/4 of medial anterior surface of ulna INS: Distal 1/4 of lateral anterior surface of radius NS: Median nerve (AIN) AC: Pronator the hand Assisted by pronator teres when power and speed are needed

Question 36

Long flexors of the digits that also flex the metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

Answer 36

Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus (FDS and FDP)

Question 37

_____ slowly flexes fingers, while ______ is recruited when speed and flexion against resistance are needed.

Answer 37

FDP FDS

Question 38

FDS flexes:

Answer 38

Middle phalanges

Question 39

FDP flexes:

Answer 39

Distal phalanges

Question 40

Prime pronator assisted by the pronator teres Also plays a role in holding the radius and ulna together.

Answer 40

Pronator quadratus