Unit 4- Posterior Leg Compartment

Question 1

The plantarflexor compartment is 4x (STONGER/WEAKER) than dorsi flexion and has much (SHORTER/LONGER) range of motion

Answer 1

Stronger

Longer

Question 2

Superficial and deep compartments of the plantarflexor compartment is separated by:

Answer 2

Transverse muscular septum

Question 3

The transverse septum extends ____ and forms:

Answer 3

Distally

Reinforcing fibers of the flexor retinaculum

Between the medial malleolus and calcaneous

Question 4

Both compartments in the plantarflexor area are supples by the ____ nerve and ____ ____ vessels

Located where?

Answer 4

Tibial

Posterior tibial

Just anterior to the transverse intermuscular septum (in the deep compartment)

Question 5

Superficial posterior compartment muscles

Answer 5

Gastrocnemius

Soles

Plantaris

Question 6

The superficial post compartment muscles work together to:

Answer 6

Elevate the heel

Question 7

Sup. Post muscles generate _____% of plantarflexion of the ankle joint

Answer 7

93

Question 8

OINA for Gastrocnemius

Answer 8

OR: 2 heads
Lateral- Lateral condyle of femur
Medial- Medial condyle of femur

INS: Post calcaneal bone via calcaneal tendon

AC: Plantar flexes foot
Flexes leg

NS: Tibial nerve

Question 9

2 actions of the gastrocnemius (CAN/CAN NOT) occur in the extreme simultaneously

Answer 9

Can not

Question 10

For gastrocnemius: when knee is flexed, plantarflexion is:

Answer 10

Minimized

Vice versa- when plantar flexed, knee flexion is impaired - active insufficiency

Question 11

Tendinitis of the calcaneal tendon results from:

Answer 11

Inflammation often exacerbated by running/walking on uneven surfaces or hills

Question 12

The repetitive trauma of heel strike can result in:

Answer 12

Rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon

Question 13

OINA for soleus

Answer 13

OR: Post head of fibula
Soleal line of tibia

INS: Post calcaneal bone via calcaneal tendon

AC: Plantar flexes foot
Helps maintain posture

NS: Tibial nerve

Question 14

Soleaus is (ACTIVE/INACTIVE) when standing quietly

Answer 14

Active

Question 15

The soleus contracts ______ and _____ with foot dorsiflexors to maintain balance

Answer 15

Cooperatively and antagonistically

Question 16

Workhorse of plantarflexion

Answer 16

Soleus

Question 17

Is the soleus able to plantarflex when knee is fully extended?

Answer 17

Yessss

Question 18

When the foot is planted, the posterior and inferomedial direction of soleal fibers pulls the leg bones ______;

Answer 18

Posteriorly

This counteracts the pull of the center of gravity as it passes anterior to the leg bone axis

Question 19

The gastrocnemius and soleus form what muscle??

Answer 19

Triceps surae
(3 heads, 1 tendon)

Question 20

What forms the Achilles’ tendon?

Answer 20

The distal insertion of gastrocnemius and soleus forming the calcaneal tendon tat inserts on the calcaneal tuberosity

Question 21

Achilles’ tendon rupture takes place wher?

Answer 21

A couple inches above the joining of the tendon and the calcaneous

Question 22

What can cause Achilles rupture?

Answer 22

When the calf muscle contracts or tightens the calf muscle and suddenly pushes off the foot, such as in basketball, racquet sports or other activities

Question 23

Symptoms of Achilles rupture

Answer 23

Pain
Swelling
Inability to stand on tiptoes

Question 24

Look at slide 11

Will type up later- its too much right now

Answer 24

Slide 11

Question 25

OINA for plantaris

Answer 25

OR: Lateral supracondylar line of femur INS: calcaneus bone (sometimes fuses with calcaneal tendon) ``` AC: Plantar flexes foot (weak) Flexes leg (weak) ``` NS: Tibial nerve

Question 26

The ___ nerve and ___ _____ vessels pass deep to the superficial post leg muscles

Answer 26

Tibial Post tibial

Question 27

What muscle is absent in about 10% of individuals?

Answer 27

Plantaris

Question 28

The plantaris has a high density of _____ ____ an may simply be a:

Answer 28

Proprioceptive Kinesthetic sensory organ

Question 29

What does the plantaris tendon run between?

Answer 29

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 30

What tendon is often mistaken as a nerve?

Answer 30

Plantaris

Question 31

What bursa is between the skin and calcaneal tendon?

Answer 31

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

Question 32

Where is the deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon located?

Answer 32

Between the tendon and calcaneus

Question 33

Deep post compartment muscles

Answer 33

Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallicus longus Tibialis posterior

Question 34

OINA for popliteus

Answer 34

OR: Lateral condyle of femur Tendinous attachment to lateral meniscus INS: post tibia- above soleal line AC: Minimal flexion of the knee Medial rotates the leg May pull lateral meniscus post during knee flexion Unlocks knee NS: Tibial nerve

Question 35

What forms the distal part of the floor of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 35

Popliteus

Question 36

OINA for flexor hallicus longus

Answer 36

OR: Inf 2/3rd of post fibula Inf interosseous membrane INS: Base of distal phalanx, digit I AC: Flexes digit I Plantar flexes foot Inverts foot NS: tibial nerve

Question 37

The flexor hallicus longus tendon enters the foot with the tendons of the ____ and ____ It passes post to the ____ ____ to a groove on the _____ _____ and inferior groove on the _______ ____.

Answer 37

FDL and TP Distal tibia Posterior talus Talar shelf

Question 38

OINA for flexor digitorum longus

Answer 38

OR: Middle portion of post tibia- inf to soleal line Fascia of tibialis post muscle INS: Distal phalanges of digits II—V AC: Flexes digit II-V (grip ground during walking) Plantar flexes foot Inverts foot Helps support longitudinal arches NS: Tibial nerve

Question 39

Along with FHL and TP tendons, the FDL tendon passes post to the ____ _____ passing deep To the _____ ______.

Answer 39

Medial malleolus Flexor retinaculum

Question 40

The diagonal pull of FDL is reduced by the ____ ____ muscle that is attached to the post aspect of the FDL tendons

Answer 40

quadratus plantae

Question 41

OINA for tibialis post

Answer 41

OR: Post tibia - below soleal line Post interosseous membrane INS: Navicular bone Cuneiform I Tendon expands to: Cuneforms II, III and base of metacarpals II, III, IV AC: plantar flexes foot inverts foot Adducts foot Maintain medial longitudinal arch during weigh bearing NS: tibial nerve

Question 42

Deep muscles of the ankle

Answer 42

Tibial posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus (Think Tom Dick and Harry) Calcaneal tendon

Question 43

post tibial art is a branch of the

Answer 43

Popliteal artery

Question 44

Post tibial art passes between what?

Answer 44

The deep and superficial post compartments just deep to the transverse IM septum Also passes post to the medial malleolus

Question 45

The post tibial art divides into :

Answer 45

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 46

What does the tibial art run with?

Answer 46

The tibial nerve

Question 47

Branches of the post tibial art

Answer 47

Fibular Communicating Post medial malleolar Medial calcaneal

Question 48

Branches of the medial calcaneal

Answer 48

Medial plantar | Lateral plantar

Question 49

Fibular artery arises at the ________ border of the ____ and _____ arch

Answer 49

Inferior Popliteus and soleus

Question 50

Review slide 23- will add later

Answer 50

Slide 23

Question 51

OR of tibial nerve

Answer 51

L4-5 | S1-3

Question 52

Tibial nerve is the larger of the terminal branches of the:

Answer 52

Sciatic nerve

Question 53

The tibial nerve runs through the ____ ____ with the _____ artery and vein.

Answer 53

Popliteal fossa Popliteal

Question 54

The tibial nerve passes between: | And deep to:

Answer 54

Heads of gastrocnemius and deep to the tendinous arch of the soleus

Question 55

The tibial nerve supplies:

Answer 55

All the muscles of the post compartment

Question 56

Where does the tibial nerve lie?

Answer 56

Between the FHL and FDL

Question 57

The tibial nerve is post and inf to the ____ ____ It divides into the:

Answer 57

Medial malleolus Medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 58

The medial sural cutaneous nerve joins with the: | To form the:

Answer 58

Sural communicating branch Sural nerve

Question 59

What the the sural nerve serve?

Answer 59

The skin of the lateral and posterior inf 1/3rd of the leg and lateral foot

Question 60

Tibial articular branches serve the:

Answer 60

Knee

Question 61

Medial calcaneal branches serve the:

Answer 61

Skin of the heel

Question 62

What does the peroneal retinaculum cover?

Answer 62

Structures that poss post to the lateral malleolus

Question 63

What does the flexor retinaculum cover?

Answer 63

Structures that pass post to the medial malleolus

Question 64

Look into extensor retinaculum

Answer 64

Slide 31