Unit 3- Gluteal Muscles

Question 1

Thigh anterior compartment movement

Answer 1

Flex the thigh (femur)- also involved in extending the leg- innervated by femoral nerve

Question 2

Movement of medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 2

Adduct the thigh

Innervated by the obturator nerve

Question 3

Movement of the post compartment of the thigh

Answer 3

Extend the thigh and flex the left

Innervated by the tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Question 4

Movement of the lateral compartment of the thigh

Answer 4

Abduct the thigh
This groups has migrated slightly posteriorly and superiorly to form the gluteal muscles
Location allows them to be major thigh extensors

Question 5

Hip, sacrum and coccyx are bound together by

Answer 5

Dense ligaments

Question 6

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 6

Converts the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 7

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 7

Converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen

Question 8

Foramen in/out of the pelvis

Answer 8

Greater sciatic foreamen

Question 9

Foramen in/out of the perineum

Answer 9

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 10

Superficial later of gluteal muscles attach to the:

Answer 10

Posterolateral surface and margins of the ala of the iliac bone

Question 11

Superficial layer of glut muscles (4)

Answer 11

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus mediums
Gluteus minimus
Tensor of the fascia lata

Question 12

Actions of the superficial lateral of the gluteal muscles

Answer 12

Extensors, abductors, and rotators

Question 13

Deep layer of the glu tmuscles attach to

Answer 13

To or adjacent to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur

Question 14

Deep layer glut muscles

Answer 14

Piriformis

Obturator internus and externus

Gemelli sup and inf

Quadratus femoris

Question 15

Action of the deep layers of the glut muscles

Answer 15

Stabilize the hip joint and laterally rotate

Question 16

Largest muscle of the body

Answer 16

Gluteus Maximus

Question 17

OINA for Gluteus Maximus

Answer 17

OR: Ilium posterior to the post gluteal line
Dorsal surface of the sacrum
Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament

INS: Upper 3/4ths - iliotibial tract (into the lateral condyle of the tibia)
Lower 1/4- on the gluteal tubercle of the femur

NS: Inf gluteal nerve

AC: Extends the thigh (especially when thigh is flexed)
Assists lateral rotation
Extends the trunk when LE is fixed
Stabilized the extended knee
Abducts thigh

Question 18

Blood supply for glut Maximus

Answer 18

Extremely good blood supply from

Sup and inf gluteal artery

Question 19

Glut max is little involvement when:

But major role in:

Answer 19

Walking on a flat surface

Climbing

Question 20

Glut max fibers run:

Answer 20

Inferolaterally at 45 degree to the iliotibial tract

Question 21

Gluteal bursa (3)

Answer 21

Trochanteric bursa

Ischial bursa

Gluten-femoral bursa

Question 22

Trochanteric bursa
Over the:
Present at:

Answer 22

Over the greater trochanter

Present at birth

Usually the largest bursa in body

Question 23

Ischial bursa

Located:

Answer 23

Between the inferior gluteus max and ischial tuberosity

Question 24

Gluten-femoral bursa location

Answer 24

Between the ilitibial tract and proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis

Question 25

OINA for glut mediums

Answer 25

OR: External surface of the ilium between the ant and post gluteal lines INS: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter NS: Superior gluteal nerve AC: Chief abductor of the thigh Weak medial rotation

Question 26

OINA for Glut minimus

Answer 26

OR: External surface of the ilium between ant and post gluteal lines Ins: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter NS: Superior gluteal nerve AC: abducts the thigh Weak medial rotation

Question 27

Glut medius and minimus are separated by:

Answer 27

The deep branches of the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle

Question 28

OINA for tensor fascia lata

Answer 28

OR: ASIS, Iliac crest INS: Ilitibial tract (attached to lateral condyle of the tibia) NS: Superior gluteal nerve AC: Chief action is flexion of the thigh (with iliopsoas and rectus femoris ) Also stabilized the extended knee

Question 29

OINA for piriformis

Answer 29

OR: Ant sacrum (S1-S4) INS: Sup border of greater trochanter NS: Nerve to piriformis (ant rami of S2 & S2) AC: Laterally rotate thigh Abduct thigh

Question 30

Landmark of the gluteal region

Answer 30

Piriformis

Question 31

Where do superior gluteal vessels and nerves emerge

Answer 31

Superior to the piriformis

Question 32

Where do the inf gluteal vessels and nerves emerge

Answer 32

Inf to the piriformis

Question 33

Sciatic nerve emerges where?

Answer 33

Inf to the piriformis | Occasionally it will go through the piriformis

Question 34

Triceps Coxae includes (3)

Answer 34

Superior gemellus Obturator internus Inferior gemellus

Question 35

Triceps coxae form:

Answer 35

A tricipital muscle located between the piriformis and quadratus femoris

Question 36

Common tendon of the triceps runs:

Answer 36

Horizontally to the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 37

OINA for sup and inf gemellus

Answer 37

OR: Sup- Ischial spine Inf- Ischial tuberosity INS: greater trochanter (common tendon) NS: Sup- nerve to obturator internus Inf- nerve to quadratus femoris AC: Laterally rotates extended thigh Abduct the flexed thigh Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

Question 38

OINA for obturator internus

Answer 38

``` OR: Pelvis surface of the obturator membrane Obturator foramen (bony ring) ``` INS: Greater trochanter NS: nerve to obturator internus AC: Lateral rotates extended thigh Abduct flexed thigh Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

Question 39

Obturator internus exists the pelvis through the:

Answer 39

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 40

OINA for quadratus femoris

Answer 40

OR: Ischial tuberosity INS: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest NS: Nerve to quadratus femoris AC: Laterally rotates thigh Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

Question 41

Smallest muscle block and strongest lateral rotator of the thigh

Answer 41

Quadratus femoris

Question 42

Piriformis syndrome caused by:

Answer 42

An entrapment of the sciatic nerve as it exits the greater sciatic notch in the gluteal region

Question 43

2 normal variations for exit of the sciatic nerve

Answer 43

1- sciatic nerve emerges inf to the piriformis muscle and sup to the gemellus muscle 2- sciatic nerve pierces the piriformis itself (in about 1-10% of humans)

Question 44

Piriformis syndrom when entrapped in the first variation for exit of the sciatic nerve

Answer 44

Entrapment is likely due to a myospasm or contracture (tightening and shortening respectively) of either of the 2 muscles

Question 45

Second sciatic nerve pathway- piriformis syndrome

Answer 45

Myospasm and/or contraction of the piriformis muscle itself can lead to pain along the back of the thigh to the knee Loss of sensation Numbness and tingling in sole of the foot This mimics sciatica

Question 46

Difference between sciatica and piriformis syndrome

Answer 46

The cause | Sciatica is due to a lumbar disc pressing on a nerve root as it exits the IVF in the lumbar spine

Question 47

Piriformis syndrome and sciatica both complain about:

Answer 47

Pain, numbness, and tingling below the knee and into the foot

Question 48

Piriformis syndrome symptoms

Answer 48

Deep aching in buttock and thigh, usually not beyond the knee Affected led often externally rotates (toes point out) when relaxed Often causes low back pain Can be reproduces by a deep palpating of the sciatic nerve as it exits below the piriformis

Question 49

Piriformis pain often aggravated by

Answer 49

Siting, squatting, or walking

Question 50

Right leg often affected by piriformis syndrome after

Answer 50

Driving a long distance if the foot has been in external rotation while depressing the gas pedal

Question 51

Prirformis syndrom femal to male ratio

Answer 51

6:1