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Extremities (2) > Unit 4- Hip > Flashcards

Unit 4- Hip Flashcards

1
Q

The connection between the lower extremity and pelvic girdle

A

hip joint

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2
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

socket synovial joint

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3
Q

The femoral head is approximately 2/3rd of a ____, expect for the:

A

sphere

fit of the fovea

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4
Q

The femoral head is covered with what?

A

articular cartilage

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5
Q

the articular cartilage over the femoral head is thicker where?

A

over the weight bearing areas

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6
Q

Location of the ligament of the head of femur:

A

in the fovea

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7
Q

The hollow cup for the femoral head located on the lateral aspect of the hip

A

Acetabulum

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8
Q

Fibrocartilagenous lip with an inferior defect in the rim segment (acetabular notch)

A

acetabular rim

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9
Q

What part of the acetabulum is the weight bearing surface covered by articular cartilage?

A

lunate surface

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10
Q

A lip of fibrocaratilage that increases the depth of the acetabulum-

A

acetabular labrum

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11
Q

the acetabular labrum allows what?

A

the acetabulum to “grip” the femoral head beyond the equator

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12
Q

What ligament brisges the acetabular notch?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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13
Q

The acetabular fossa is the ____ part of the acetabulum formed by the ____

A

non-articular

ischium

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14
Q

When are the articular surface of the acetabulum and femoral head most congruent?

A

when the hip is flexed at 90 degrees, abducted 5 degrees, and laterally rotated. (this is the quadruped position)

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15
Q

What forms the joint capsule?

A

A stong and loose external fibrous layer and an internal synovial membrane

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16
Q

The external fibrous layer of the joint capsule attaches proximally on the:

A

hip bone (all 3 parts) to the rim of the acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament

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17
Q

The external fibrous layer of the joint capsule attaches distally to the femoral neck only anteriorly at the ____ ____ and the root of the ____ ____

Posteriorly the fibrous layer has an _____ border that crosses the _____ proximal to the ___ ______

A

intertrochanteric line

greater trochanter

arched

neck

intertrochanteric crest (it is not attached to the neck)

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18
Q

The external fibrous layer of the joint capsule attaches posteriorly:

A

The synovial membrane extends beyond the free post margin of the joint capsul on the femoral neck.

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19
Q

Posteriorly, The external fibrous layer of the joint capsule forms what?

A

a bursa for the obturator externus

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20
Q

Fibers of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule take a ____ course from the __ ___ to the _____ ___

A

spiral

hip bone

intertrochanteric line

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21
Q

Deep fibers present on the posterior capsule wind circularly around the femoral neck

A

orbicular zone

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22
Q

Thickened parts of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule form ______ which pass:

A

ligaments

a spiral fashion from the pelvis to the femur

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23
Q

What does extension cause in the joint capsule???

A

Tightens the spiral ligaments and fibers
Constricts the capsule
And pulls the femoal head into the acetabulum

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24
Q

The joint capsule limits:

A

extension to approx 10-20 degrees beyond vertical.

flexion unwinds the ligaments and allows increasing hip mobility

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25
Y-shaped ligament attaching from the AIIS and rim anteriorly, and intertrochanteric line distally. Prevents hyperextention of the hip while standing
Iliofemoral ligament
26
What is the strongest ligament in the body?
iliofemoral ligament
27
The iliofemoral ligament reinforces the joint ____ and ____ly
anteriorly and superiorly
28
Ligament to reinforce the hip joint anteriorly and inferiorly
pubofemoral ligament
29
the pubofemoral ligament arises from the ___ _____ of the pubic bone and passes ____ and ____ to merge with:
obturator crest laterally and inferiorly the fibrous layer of the joint capsule
30
What does the pubofemoral ligament blend with?
the medial part of the iliofemoral ligament
31
When does the pubofemoral ligament tighten? What does it prevent?
during extension and abduction of the hip hyperabduction of the hip joint
32
The ischiofemoral ligament is a (WEAK/STRONG) ligament that reinforces the hip joint ____.
Weak posteriorly
33
The ischiofemoral ligament arises from the ____ part of the ___ ___ and spirals ______ to the ___ of the femur, medial to the ____ of the ____ ____.
ischial acetabular rim superiolaterally neck base greater trochanter
34
What function to pull the femoral head into the acetabulum?
medial and lateral rotators of the thigh
35
Medial rotators (located _____) are (STRONGER/WEAKER) and have (POOR/STRONG) mechanical advantage, but associated ligaments are (STRONGER/WEAKER)
anteriorly weaker poor stronger
36
Lateral rotators (located _____) are (STONGER/WEAKER) with (LESS/MORE) mechanical advantage but associated ligaments are (STRONGER/WEAKER)
posteriorly stronger more weaker
37
What does the synovial membrane of the hip line?
The fibrous joint capsule and intercapsular bony surfaces not lined by articular cartilage
38
The synovial membrane of the hip reflects ____ along the ___ ___.
proximally femoral neck
39
Synovial folds, AKA
retincaula
40
Synovial folds of the hip reflect ______ along the femoral neck as ____ ___.
superiorly longitudinal bands
41
synovial folds of the hip contain _____ ____ arteries. What do these supply?
subsynovial retinacular arteries (consist of medial and a few lateral circumflex artery branches) supply the femoral head and neck
42
The ligament of the head of the femur is a (STRONG/WEAK) ligament. What forms this?
Weak Formed by a synovial fold conducting a vessel to the head of the femur (the artery is important developmentally but is unable to adequately supply the mature head)
43
What does the wide end of the ligament of the head of femur attach to? What about the narrow end?
Wide end- acetabular margins and transverse acetabular ligament Narrow end- to the fovea for the ligament of the femoral head
44
What fills in the acetabular fossa not filled by the ligament of the head? What does this do?
A fat pad changes shape to accomodate head movements.
45
What covers the fat pad and ligament of the head?
synovial membrane
46
What forms a bursa for the obturator externus muscle?
the synovil membrane protruding beyond the free margin of the joint capsule on the posterior aspect of the femoral neck
47
Knee flexion releases the _____ muscles, allowing ___ ____ until:
hamstring thigh flexion thigh flexion until it reaches the anterior abdominal wall
48
hip extension is limited by what ligament?
Iliofemoral ligament
49
Which is freer than the other in the hip? Adduction or abduction?
Abduction it can reach approc 60 degrees with the thigh extended and increases when the thigh is flexed
50
which hip rotation is more powerful?
lateral rotation
51
What muscle is the strongest hip flexor?
iliopsoas muscle
52
what muscles work hip adduction and flexion?
Adductor magnus (adductor portion), brevis and longus, pectineus and gracilis
53
what muscle works hip adduction and extension?
hamstring part of the adductor magnus
54
what muscles work hip abduction and medial rotation?
anterior portion of the gluteus medius and minimus
55
What is the primary extensor of the hip?
Gluteus maximus- particularly when extending the thigh from a flexed position. After the leg is straight, the hamstrings become primary extensors
56
blood supply to femoral neck
medial and lateral circumflx arteries
57
Where do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries arise?
usually from the profunda femoris may arise from the femoral artery
58
which artery is usually the major supply to the femoral neck? what is its pathway?
medial circumflex passes beneath the unattached post border of the joint capsule to supply the head and neck via retinacular arteries
59
the artery to teh femoral head is a branch of the _____ artery and travels where?
obturator to the head in the ligament of the head (this is the one that does not supply the mature head and neck)
60
Hip flexors are innervated by the ____ nerve and pass:
femoral anteriorly to the hip joint and supply the anterior aspect of the hip joint
61
The ____ nerve sends branches to the ____ aspect. what nerve supplies the post aspect of the hip
obturator inferior nerve to the quadratus femoris
62
what nerve supplies the hip abductors? pathway?
superior gluteal nerve pass superiorly to the joint
63
What nerve also provides direct innervation to the femoral neck?
sciatic
64
Look at slides 22-27 regarding hip injuries if he says he will ask hip injury questions
peace

Extremities (2) (28 decks)

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