Unit 4- Anterior And Lateral Leg

Question 1

Which leg bone is weight bearing?

Answer 1

Tibia

Question 2

The tibia forms the ____ ____ of the ankle joint

Answer 2

Medial malleolus

Question 3

Function of fibula

Answer 3

Provides muscular attachment

Forms lateral malleolus of ankle joint

Question 4

What joins the tibia and fibula, and is the origin of a number of leg muscles?

Provides no significant role in force transmission

Answer 4

Interosseous membrane

Question 5

The “hinge” joint with the femur. AKA the knee joint

Answer 5

Tibial plateaux

Question 6

Where the tendon from the thigh muscles and patella attaches, that moves the lower leg forwards at the knee joint- the extensor muscles

Answer 6

Tibial tuberosity

Question 7

Part of the fibula that forms the bony lump on the outside of the ankle joint

Answer 7

Lateral malleolus

Question 8

Bottom of the tibia, forms a “hinge” jointwith the talus bone of the foot

Answer 8

Ankle joint

Question 9

Part of the tibia forms the bony lump on the inside of the ankle joint

Answer 9

Medial malleolous

Question 10

The leg is divided into what compartments?

Answer 10

Anterior, lateral and posterior

Question 11

What separates the leg compartments?

Answer 11

Anterior and posterior intermuscular septa and the interosseous membrane

Question 12

Contents of the anterior compartment

Answer 12

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Anterior tibial artery and vein

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Tibialis anterior

Question 13

Contents of the lateral compartment

Answer 13

Superficial fibular nerve

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

Question 14

Location of the flexor compartment

Answer 14

anterior to the interosseous membrane between the lateral surface of the tibia and the medial surface of the fibula

Question 15

the flexor compartment is enclosed by what?

Answer 15

the deep fascia of the leg (which is a continuatin of the fascia of the thigh)

Question 16

Where is the flexor compartment denser?

Answer 16

superiorly

Question 17

The flexor compartment, AKA:

Answer 17

anterior compartment

Question 18

why does the anterior compartment have an increased risk for compartment syndrome?

Answer 18

due to the small size of the compartment and its tight fascial borders

Question 19

The fibular nerves (ARE/ARE NOT) in the same compartment as the fibular vessels

Answer 19

are not

Question 20

The superior extensor retinaculum transverses from the ____ to the ______ proximal to the ____

Answer 20

Fibula
Tibia
Malleoli

Question 21

The inferior extensor retinaculum is a Y shaped ____ ____ band extending from ___ ___ ___ to the:

Answer 21

deep fascial

anterior superior calcaneous

tibial malleolus and plantar aponeurosis

Question 22

What tendons run through the retinaculum

Answer 22

fibularis tertius

extensor digitorum longus

extendor hallicus longus

tibialis anterior tendon

Question 23

Main function of the anterior compartment muscles

Answer 23

dorsiflexion (has 25% of the power of plantar flexion)

main function of clearing the toes during swing phase of normal gait (concentric) and forefoot touch-down after heel strike (eccentric)

Question 24

What are dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of the toes

Answer 24

tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

exterdor hallicus longus

Fibularis tertius

Question 25

OINA for tibialis anterior

Answer 25

OR: Lateral condyle IN: Medial cuneiform bone Base of the 1st metatarsal AC: Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle Inversion of foot NS: Deep fibular nerve

Question 26

Blood supply to tibialis anterior

Answer 26

anterior tibial artery

Question 27

What is the largest muscle of the anterior compartment? It is also the strongest dorsiflexor of the foot

Answer 27

tibialis anterior

Question 28

Tibialis anterior is antagonized by the _____ ____, except when?

Answer 28

tibialis posterior when they work synergistically in foot inversion

Question 29

OINA for extensor digitorum longus

Answer 29

OR: Lateral condyle Anterior surface of fibula upper interosseous membrane INS: Extensor expansion (medial and lateral slips to distal phalanx. Central slip to middle phalanx) AC: Extends lateral 4 toes Dorsiflexes foot NS: Deep fibular nerve

Question 30

What is the most lateral muscle of the anterior compartment?

Answer 30

extensor digitorum longus

Question 31

OINA for extensor hallucis longus

Answer 31

OR: Anterior middle portion of fibula Interosseous membrane INS: Dital phalanx of digit 1 AC: Extends digit 1 Dorsiflexes foot NS: Deep fibular nerve

Question 32

What is the extensor hallucis longus covered by?

Answer 32

EDL and TA

Question 33

OINA for fibularis tertius

Answer 33

OR: Anterior inferior 1/3 of fibula Interosseous membrane INS: Base of 5th metatarsal AC: Eversion of foot Dorsiflexes foot NS: Deep fibular nerve

Question 34

Fibularis tertius is a separate part of the ____. It is a stronger _____ than ____

Answer 34

EDL Everter than dorsiflexor

Question 35

Fibularis teritus plays a role in protecting what ligament?

Answer 35

anterior talofibular ligament - commonly injured ligament with a sprained ankle

Question 36

Terminal branch of the common fibular nerve

Answer 36

Deep fibular nerve

Question 37

The deep fibular nerve arises between the ____ _____ muscle and the ____ ____.

Answer 37

fibularis longus fibular neck

Question 38

what artery does the deep fibular nerve join? Where?

Answer 38

anterior tibial artery between the TA and EDL

Question 39

What does the deep fibular nerve supply?

Answer 39

all anterior compartment structures

Question 40

Pathway of the anterior tibial artery:

Answer 40

Begins at the inf border of the popliteus muscle Passes anterior to interosseous membrane Descends on the anterior surface of the membrane between the TA and EDL with the deep fibular nerve

Question 41

Distally, the anterior tibial artery becomes the ____ artery and enters the:

Answer 41

dorsal artery of the foot the 1st interosseous space

Question 42

the dorsal artery of the foor divides into what?

Answer 42

the plantar and arcuate arteries

Question 43

What is the everter compartment?

Answer 43

Lateral compartment of the leg

Question 44

Lateral surface of the fibula and anterior and posterior intermuscular septa and deep fascia of the leg

Answer 44

lateral compartment of leg

Question 45

where does the lateral compartment of the leg end?

Answer 45

at the superior fibular retinaculum (runs fom the tip of the fibula to the calcaneus)

Question 46

OINA for fibularis longus

Answer 46

OR: Head and upper 2/3 fibula INS: medial cuneiform Metatarsal 1 AC: Everts foot Abducts foot NS: superficial fibular nerve

Question 47

Long tendon of fibularis longus passes posterior to the ____ ____ and crosses obliquely on the ____ surface of the foot

Answer 47

lateral malleolus plantar

Question 48

Lateral malleolus forms a:

Answer 48

trochlea

Question 49

OINA for fibularis brevis

Answer 49

OR: Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula INS: Base of metatarsal 5 NS: Superficial fibular nerve AC: everts and abducts foor

Question 50

Tendon of the fibularis brevis passes deep to the ____, passes behind the ___ ____ and runs forward to insertion

Answer 50

FL Lateral malleolus

Question 51

Main role in ambulation for fibularis brevis:

Answer 51

to balance the tendency toward foot inversion

Question 52

Arterial supply to the lateral compartment is via perforating branches of:

Answer 52

anterior and posterior tibial arteries proximally, and fibular artery perforators distally

Question 53

Innervation of lateral compartment muscles

Answer 53

superficial fibular nerve