Unit 2: Biological Basis of Behavior Parts of the brains and scans

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

releases hormones into the bloodstream

Question 2

brainstem

Answer 2

controls automatic movements

Question 3

medulla

Answer 3

controls heartrate,breathing,blood pressure

Question 4

reticular formation

Answer 4

plays an important role in controlling arousal (wakefulness)

Question 5

cerebellum

Answer 5

controls muscle tones and balance, coordination of movement, and some procedural learning

Question 6

pons

Answer 6

plays a role with sleep and dreaming

Question 7

limbic system

Answer 7

associated with emotions and drives

Question 8

thalamus

Answer 8

relays sensory information, receives and directs sensory information from the visual and auditory systems

Question 9

hippocampus

Answer 9

processes and integrates memories

Question 10

amygdala

Answer 10

The amygdala is the center of emotion and is responsible for fear and aggressive responses
also can be associated with memory

Question 11

hypothalamus

Answer 11

controls water in the body, controls hunger and sex drives

Question 12

cerebral cortex

Answer 12

wrinkled outer layer of the brain
controls thinking, memory, and decision-making.

Question 13

hemisphere

Answer 13

the brain has two hemispheres, the left and the right. The left controls the right side of the body and the right controls the left side of the body.

Question 14

left hemisphere

Answer 14

language processing
math
controls right side of body

Question 15

right hemisphere

Answer 15

Visual & spatial skills
Art & music
Emotions
Big-picture thinking
Controls left side of body

Question 16

corpus collosum

Answer 16

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Question 17

frontal lobe

Answer 17

think, plan, and control actions

when the frontal lobe is impaired it can lead to difficulties with thinking, decision-making, planning, and controlling emotions or behaviors. People may act impulsively or have trouble with memory and problem-solving.

Question 18

prefrontal cortex

Answer 18

making decisions, controlling impulses, and planning ahead. It helps you think about the future and make choices based on reasoning. part of the frontal lobe

Question 19

parietal lobe

Answer 19

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear;
receives sensory input for touch and body position

Question 20

occipital lobe

Answer 20

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head;
includes areas that receive information from the visual fields, contains the visual cortex

Question 21

temporal lobe

Answer 21

portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears;
includes the auditory areas and helps with hearing and meaningful speech, contains the primary auditory cortex

Question 22

motor cortex

Answer 22

an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
sends out motor information

Question 23

sensory cortex

Answer 23

area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Question 24

auditory cortex

Answer 24

the part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory information in humans and many other vertebrates.

Question 25

visual cortex

Answer 25

the primary cortical region of the brain that receives, integrates, and processes visual information relayed from the retinas

Question 26

association areas

Answer 26

areas in the cerebral cortex involved in higher mental function.

Question 27

basal ganglia

Answer 27

is a group of nuclei that function as a unit. It plays a role in the goal-directed control of voluntary movements (like picking up a piece of fruit with your hand) and routine behaviors.

Question 28

Broca’s Area

Answer 28

located in the left hemisphere in the frontal lobe. This area is responsible for speech production and language comprehension. Damage to this area can result in Broca’s aphasia.

Question 29

wernickes area

Answer 29

located in the back of the temporal lobe near the occipital lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere and is involved in understanding written and spoken language. Damage to this area is called Wernicke’s Aphasia.

Question 30

brain lesions

Answer 30

tissue that is destroyed (disease, Traumatic Brain Injuries, drug abuse, etc). We can analyze brain lesions and determine what was destroyed and the resulting changes in behavior

Question 31

contralateral processing

Answer 31

the ability of non split brain patients to use both hemisphere and integrate information between them via the corpus callosum

Question 32

EEG

Answer 32

-electrodes are placed on scalp -very useful in sleep studies

Question 33

CT scan/CAT scan

Answer 33

a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brain's structure (CAT scan)

Question 34

PET scan

Answer 34

provide images via diffusion of radioactive glucose in the brain. the more glucose in a area the more that areas in active use

Question 35

MRI scan

Answer 35

uses extremely powerful electromagnets and waves to get 3D structural info about the brain

Question 36

FMRI

Answer 36

Shows which parts of the brain are active by tracking blood flow. 🧠 More blood = more brain activity

Question 37

split brain

Answer 37

a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them

Question 38

What did neuroscientists Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga discover about visual information in the brain?

Answer 38

they found that visual information gets “stuck” in one hemisphere when the corpus callosum is severed.

Question 39

How does each eye process the visual field?

Answer 39

Each eye takes in information from the entire visual field.

Question 40

Where is visual information from the right side of the visual field sent?

Answer 40

To the left hemisphere of the brain.

Question 41

Where is visual information from the left side of the visual field sent?

Answer 41

To the right hemisphere of the brain.

Question 42

what role does the corpus callosum play in visual processing?

Answer 42

it allows visual information to be shared and combined between the two hemispheres.

Question 43

What happens to visual information in split-brain patients (severed corpus callosum)?

Answer 43

Each hemisphere processes information independently, and communication between them is blocked.

Question 44

In split-brain patients, what occurs if an image is shown to the left visual field?

Answer 44

The right hemisphere sees it but cannot verbalize it; however, the patient may be able to draw it with the left hand.

Question 45

Neuroplasticity

Answer 45

reorganization of neural pathways as a result of experience When a hemisphere is removed from a young child, that child develops what would otherwise be lateralized skills in the remaining hemisphere.