Unit 7 motivation hunger emotion

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

complex, inherited behavior patterns characteristic of a species that is unlearned.

Question 3

Incentive

Answer 3

Force that pulls person toward a particular behavior.

Question 4

intrinsic motivation

Answer 4

Motivation that stems from internal factors, benefits associated with the process of pursuing a goal (autonomy, mastery, purpose)

Question 5

extrinsic motivation

Answer 5

Motivation that stems from external factors, benefits associated with achieving a goal or avoiding punishment (compensation, punishment, reward)

Question 6

over justification effect

Answer 6

when external rewards reduce a person’s natural enjoyment of an activity.

Question 7

self efficacy

Answer 7

Our belief that we can perform behaviors that are necessary to accomplish tasks, and that we are competent

Question 8

achievement motivation

Answer 8

The need for achievement drives accomplishment and performance and thereby motivates our behavior

Question 9

instinct theory

Answer 9

People are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionarily/genetically programmed to do so with survival instincts
Cannot explain all of human behavior ex: jealousy, modesty, altruism, selfishness

Question 10

Drive Reduction Theory

Answer 10

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivate an organism to satisfy the need

Question 11

Incentive theory

Answer 11

We are pulled into action by—positive or negative— outside incentives

Question 12

Optimal arousal theory

Answer 12

people are motivated to maintain a balance of arousal—seeking activities that keep them at their ideal level of alertness and stimulation.

Question 13

Yerkes dodson law

Answer 13

people perform best at a moderate level of arousal.

Question 14

hierarchy of needs

Answer 14

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Question 15

acronym for the hierarchy of needs

Answer 15

(s)elf actualization
(e)steem
(l)ove
(s)afety
(p)hysiological

Question 16

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 16

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that when people experience conflicting beliefs or behaviors, they feel discomfort and are motivated to resolve it.

Question 17

what is hunger triggered by

Answer 17

low glucose levels

Question 18

insulin

Answer 18

regulates blood sugar level. insulin lowers blood sugar causing hunger

Question 19

leptin

Answer 19

leptin is a hormone that signals the brain to reduce hunger when fat stores are sufficient.”
produced by fat cells

Question 20

Orexin

Answer 20

hormone from the hypothalamus that Increases hunger & alertness

Question 21

Gherlin

Answer 21

stomach hormone that increases hunger

Question 22

obestatin

Answer 22

Stomach hormone decreases hunger

Question 23

Pyy

Answer 23

Small intestine- decreases hunger

Question 24

set point

Answer 24

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Question 25

lateral hypothalamus

Answer 25

the “on” button for eating. *Remember: If it is lesioned, people will not feel hungry and they will become little (LH).

Question 26

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 26

the “off” button for eating. *Remember: If it is lesioned, people will not feel full and they will become very huge (VMH)

Question 27

basal metabolic rate

Answer 27

the number of calories your body burns at rest to keep you alive.

Question 28

anorexia nerviosa

Answer 28

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Question 29

Bulimia nerviosa

Answer 29

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Question 30

binge eating disorder

Answer 30

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.

Question 31

Body mass index

Answer 31

the percentage of a person’s body fat

Question 32

Obesity

Answer 32

a disorder characterized by being excessively overweight, usually considered to have a BMI of over 30%.

Question 33

sexual motivation

Answer 33

The normal human interest in sexual objects and activities

Question 34

sexual response cycle

Answer 34

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson – excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 35

estrogen

Answer 35

sex hormone secreted in greater amount by females than males and contributing to female sex characteristics.

Question 36

testosterone

Answer 36

the most important of the male sex hormones.

Question 37

social motivation

Answer 37

People need each other and need groups in order to survive and thrive Social bonds boosted our ancestors’ survival rate

Question 38

Ostracism

Answer 38

being deliberately left out of a group or social setting by exclusion and rejection

Question 39

alfred kinsey

Answer 39

a researcher who conducted groundbreaking studies on human sexual behavior, revealing the diversity of sexual practices.

Question 40

abraham maslow

Answer 40

Humanist who developed the Hierarchy of Needs.

Question 41

homeostasis

Answer 41

the body’s tendency to maintain an internal steady state of metabolism, to stay in balance

Question 42

Need

Answer 42

a basic requirement or essential condition for survival or well-being, such as food, water, shelter, or safety.

Question 43

primary drive

Answer 43

drives that are innate such as hunger, thirst, and sex.

Question 44

secondary drive

Answer 44

drives that are learned through conditioning such as working for money.

Question 45

emotion

Answer 45

a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

Question 46

james lange theory of emotion

Answer 46

stimulus--> arousal ---> emotional response

Question 47

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 47

stimulus causes around and emotional response simultaneously

Question 48

Schachter-Singer theory

Answer 48

stimulus-->arousal--> cognitive interpretation--> emotional response

Question 49

Zajonc; LeDoux -

Answer 49

some embodied responses happen instantly, without conscious appraisal - we automatically feel startled by a sound in the forest before labeling it as a threat would disagree with schacter singer theory

Question 50

cognitive appraisal theory(lazarus)

Answer 50

emotions are determined by how we evaluate and interpret a situation, rather than the situation itself.

Question 51

paul ekman

Answer 51

certain facial expressions are universal across cultures.

Question 52

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 52

Facial movement and expressions can influence attitude and emotional experience

Question 53

display rule

Answer 53

A social group or culture's norms about how to express emotions Individualist cultures often express their emotions more, in speech & body. However, all cultures exhibit the worldwide smiles, frowns, & angry faces of humanity