Unit 2: Networks of Exchange Flashcards
Max's favorite unit (14 cards)
What were the causes of the growth of the Silk Road? (2.1)
MCT
- Mongols (Pax Mongolica): under 1 gov.
- Commercial practices (flying money, credit, banks)
- Transportation like saddles – comfy for riding (also frame/mattress saddle can hold stuff). Caravanserai too (little comfy inns: side effect black death and culture diffusion)
What were the effects of the growth of the Silk Road? (2.1)
CE
- Trading cities grow (Kashgar, Samarkand)
- More people make stuff to export (Chinese/Persian/Indian merchants churn out porcelain, Yangtze Valley peasants stop making food)
Chinese steel industry crazy
How did Mongols help improve the Silk Road? (2.2)
- Centralization: under 1 gov. - safer and no different nations taxing every part
- Improved infrastructure and got relay system for communication
How did the Yuan Dynasty come to power and fall? (2.2)
Rise:
1. Using relay system and new good Silk Roads to import Persians to work in government
2. Pretending to be Confucian leader, Kublai Khan; the fact that he brought together China makes elites think he’s him (mandate of heaven)
Fall:
1. Importing Persians and cblocking language and ending Civil Service Exam initially alienates Chinese – Ming take over
How did Mongol takeover affect Asia and other territories that were under Mongol rule? (2.2)
Continuity: tolerant of other cultures
Change: facilitated spread of culture: Islamic Greek works go to Europe, Uyghur script adopted from nomad
Also became Muslim in Persian areas conquered
What were the effects of Indian Ocean Expansion (2.3)
CD
- More city-states: Gujarat (Indian port, taxes and gets from interior to sell: cotton/indigo)
and Swahili (group of citystates w/kings: also get from interior and export like gold and ivory and people) and Sultanate of Malacca (tax the strait) - Diffuse – Swahili language combines Arabic and Bantu (Swahili Muslim because of Muslim merchant interaction and also beneficial to be)
What were the causes of the expansion of the Indian Ocean Trade Network? (2.3)
TCF
- Tech like dhow and junk and compass and astrolabe/knowing monsoon winds
- Credit: letters of credit system
- Fall of Silk Roads; became mid after Mongols left so people switch to this
What were the effects of the Mongol Empire in Europe? (2.2)
IMC
- Better trade and centralization allows for Greek, Islam, medicine and other intellectual to works transfer
- Kicking the shit out of knights and walled cities gets Europe to lock in and modernize
- After Mongols fall, Europe seeks to copy their centralization
What were the causes of Trans-Saharan trade prospering? (2.4)
TSC
- Technology: Saddles fitted for camels allow people to traverse desert (caravanserai again too because hot outside)
- Specialized regions with own things – salt, kola nuts, gold, ivory – demand++;
- Mali grows (Effect!) and centralizes network for more trade (like Mongols)
What were the effects of Trans-Saharan trade? (2.4)
WR
- States get wealthier: Mali who taxed the shit out of it and was tight with Muslim merchants
Specifically Mansa Musa’s Hajj – causes inflation and such but also advertises Mali’s wealth - Religion: Mansa Musa is Muslim and builds religious schools in Timbuktu to get more Muslims to trade in dar al-Isluzz
What were the cultural consequences of connectivity through trade networks during 1200-1450? (2.5)
DS
- Religious/cultural diffusion: China gets Chan Buddhism through Silk Roads (explained through Daoism); Mongols adopt whatever religion is in the region; Everyone wants to be Muslim for trade, like Swahili and Mali
- More travelers cuz safe now: Ibn Battuta (dar), Margery Kempe (show how Christianity differs), Marco Polo (creates sense of wonder at home and longing for better life)
What were the effects of connectivity on states during 1200-1450? (2.5)
CP
- Some city-states grow like Samarkand and Kashgar and Hangzhou (near Grand Canal – used more now)
- Roads give the Mongols a path straight to Baghdad which they pound
What technology resulted from the connectivity of states during 1200-1450? (2.5)
GP
- Mongols adopt gunpowder and use it to take over and then everyone around them adopts it (sieges against Song Dynasty)
- Chinese papermaking to Europe, improved by Gutenberg –> Protestants!
What were the environmental consequences of connectivity during 1200-1450? (2.6)
FD
- New foods: China gets champa rice (pop++;) and Africa gets bananas (can move where there aren’t yams) and Muslim ship merchants get citrus to avoid scurvy
- Diseases: Black Death – 1/3 of Europe dies, so peasants negotiate higher wages and feudalism is ending!
