Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization

Question 1

What was the historical context for the Cold War after World War II? (8.1)

DRT

Answer 1

1. Increase in colonies wanting to be free; decolonization
2. Rebuilding of European nations: Marshall Plan
3. Tensions between USA and Soviet Union: Postdam Conference where Soviet Union refuses to hold free elections

Question 2

What were the causes of the Cold War? (8.2)

Answer 2

1. Political conflict: capitalism vs. communism (Truman doctrine: keep communism from spreading); also leads to Non-Aligned Movement
2. Mistrust: Stalin refuses to hold free elections

Question 3

What were the effects of the Cold War? (8.3)

APP

Answer 3

1. Alliances: NATO (Western, capitalist) and Warsaw Pact (Eastern, Soviet)
2. Nuclear Proliferation: everyone gets more nukes
3. Proxy war: Koreas, Angola (former Portuguese colony), Contra War in Nicaragua

Question 4

How did communism affect China and other countries? (8.4)

CVC

Answer 4

1. China: communist seize power under Mao Zadong and launch Great Leap Foward; fails
2. Vietnam: Proxy war for northern communists vs. south
3. Cuba: USSR supports Fidel Castro’s communist revolution

Question 5

How did countries attempt to decolonize and gain independence after 1900? (8.5)

Answer 5

1. Nationalism movements: India (Gandhi who is nonviolent)
2. Religious and ethnic movements: Muslim League in India
3. Armed movements: Vietnam against French and Angola against Portuguese

Question 6

What political changes led to new territorial, nationalist, and demographic developments after 1900? (8.6)

Answer 6

1. Isreal: Zionism; Balfour Declaration from GB makes Palestine for Jews
2. Pakistan: Muslims partion from Hindu India
3. Quebec wants to dip because french (rest of CA is protestant)

Question 7

How did economic changes result from decolonization? (8.6)

Answer 7

1. Metropoles: Indians to Great Britain, Filipinos to USA
2. Socialism: governments take more control of daily lifes to “help” – Indira Gandhi 5 Year Plans, Nasser
3. Join Non-Aligned movement but pretend like on one side to get aid – Nasser classic (USSR)

Question 8

How did states react to existing power structures after 1900? (8.7)

NTAIR

Answer 8

1. Nonviolence: Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Gandhi
2. Terrorism: Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland, Abimael Guzman’s Communist Shining Path in Peru, and Islam extremist group Al-Qaeda
3. More arms trade between USA, USSR, and other major countries
4. Intensify conflict: Pinochet & Idi Amin overthrow w/military coup and kill dissenters (Idi racist: indian removal)
5. Military-industrial complex: ecn. reliant on military production after WW2: can’t cut spending, more guns!

Question 9

What caused the end of the Cold War? (8.8)

Answer 9

1. USA advancement in technology
2. Fall of USSR: Invasion of Afghanistan, public discontent, and economic collapse