unit 3, part 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
cast
Flames cast limited light
lamps that used reflectors to cast more intense light
v., to throw light on something
disaster
n . • a terrible event
display
v., to show or exhibit
drawback
This headlamp had two major drawbacks.
what are the drawbacks of using flames for light
n., a problem; disadvantage
efficient
efficiency is an important quality for any new product.
efficient headlamps made safe travel at night possible.
candles do not light the room very efficiently.
adj ., able to work without waste
equip
v., to provide with something
freight
To avoid these delays, railroads started running freight trains at night.
why freight trains traveled at night
n., cargo carried by a train, truck, or ship
generate
If the power lines are down, you can use gasoline generator to have electricity in your house.
The generation of electricity can cause air pollution.
There are variety of ways to generate electricity.
v., to make or produce
illuminator
The illuminator did not cast much light.
an illuminator can provide an area with light
The illumination of an electric lamp is stronger than that of a candle.
In the past, people use candles to illuminate their house.
n., an object that produces light
innovation
The innovation of electric head lamps made travel much easier.
several innovators worked on the development of electric headlights.
The development of electric head lights was the work of a number of innovative people.
n., a new idea or product
intense
A locomotive needs a head lamp with high intensity.
This room needs a lamp with high intensity.
Using a stronger battery will intensify light.
The light from candles is not very intense.
Some materials burn more intensely than others.
adj . • very strong
knot
n., a hard bump in wood
locomotive
n., the engine of a train
mode
n., a method or type
portable
adj ., easy to cany
reflector
a reflector on a lamp makes the light more intense.
you can see your reflection in the mirror.’
A piece of metal can be used to reflect the light.
If a lamp is coated with reflective material, it will cast a stronger light.
n., an object that sends light back or makes it stronger
rugged
Because roads were even rougher than rails, cars required more rugged parts.
lamps rugged enough to use with cars.
adj ., strong; able to stand rough treatment
stringent
The requirements for car headlamps were more
stringent than those for trains:
adj . • strict, firm
tricky
Before electricity, light was tricky business.
adj ., difficult
vulnerable
they are vulnerable to winds and weather, and can lead to disaster.
adj ., weak; Without defense1
