unit 3, part 2

Question 1

architecture
Parts’s Metro is famous for its beautiful architecture.
The architecture of the stations
is an important part of subway system design.

Answer 1

n. , the style of a building

Question 2

centerpiece

Many big cities have an underground rail system as their centerpiece.

Answer 2

n. , the main or most important feature

Question 3

clog
By that time, horses and pedestrians had so clogged the streets of London that city government ruled that no railroads could enter the city except underground.
The London Underground was first built because the city streets were too clogged for trains on the surface.

Answer 3

v. , to fill so much as to make movement

difficult

Question 4

decorate
People enjoy looking at the decorations in the station while they wait for the train to arrive.
The decorator planned the art for the station very carefully.
Sometimes they decorate the trains for the holidays.
That column is there for decorative purposes only; it has no real use.

Answer 4

v. , to make an object or place beautiful

Question 5

destruction
This cut-and-cover method caused massive disruptions in the city and required the destruction of the structures above the tunnel.
The destruction of buildings was part of the process of creating the subway system.
It was necessary to destroy some buildings to dig the subway tunnels.
Digging deeper tunnels makes
subway construction less destructive
to buildings and roads on the
surface.

Answer 5

n. , the act of ruining something

Question 6

disruptive
The process of building a subway
can be disruptive, but the result is well worth it.
They try to disrupt traffic as little as possible during subway construction.
Building a subway system can cause a lot of disruptions to traffic on the streets.

Answer 6

adj . , stopping the usual course of activity

Question 7

expand
A better means of expanding the original Underground was needed.
The expansion of the subway system cost a great deal of money.
By the time they were ready to expand the subway system. a new method for digging tunnels had
been developed.
The subway system was designed to be expandable.

Answer 7

v. , to make bigger

Question 8

headquarters

Answer 8

n. , central office for a military commander

Question 9

intrinsic

Public transportation is an intrinsic part of every modern city.

Answer 9

adj. , basic

Question 10

operation
In its initial day of operation, the London Underground carried 30,000 passengers.
A subway train operator needs
special training for the job.
Modem subway systems use computers to operate the trains.

Answer 10

n. , the working of something, being used

Question 11

pedestrian

Answer 11

n. , a person traveling on foot

Question 12

release

Steam engines chugged under London. releasing steam through vents along the city streets.

Answer 12

v. , to let something out

Question 13

rival

Answer 13

v. , to compete with

Question 14

shield

they used a sort of shield to support the tunnel while the workers were digging.

Answer 14

n. , something that serves as protection

Question 15

showcase

he used the stations as showcases of Russian art, culture, and engineering.

Answer 15

n. , a setting in which to present something

Question 16

spring up

Stores and malls have sprung up by stations, something that is especially convenient in cold climates.

Answer 16

v. , to appear

Question 17

surface

Answer 17

n. , the outer part or top of something

Question 18

underground

three of the biggest and busiest underground rail systems in Europe are in London, Paris, and Moscow.

Answer 18

adv. , below the ground

Question 19

utilize

Answer 19

v. , to use

Question 20

vent

The tunnels had to be close to the surface of the ground, and there were vents to release the steam to the streets.

Answer 20

n. , an opening to let air, steam, or smoke out