unit 5, part 2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
aerobic
adj . , relating to energetic exercise
capacity
As people age, they may not function as well because they lose some brain capacity but exercise can repair some of this lost ability.
n. , total amount available
cognition
can reduce the age-associated loss of brain tissue that decreases cognition in the elderly.
n. , the use of mental processes
شناخت- معرفت- ادراک
concentration
Studies on rodents showed that there were larger concentrations of BDNF in the brain after just one week of exercise.
n. , a large amount of something in the same place
counteract
Exercise can counteract this effect.
Exercise may lessen the effects of stress because it can counteract the effects of corticosteroids, which are produced by stress.
v. , to work against
dementia
Using rodent models, researchers found increased concentrations of BDNF in the hippocampus, an area of the brain involved in learning and memory and associated with dementia.
n . . the loss of intellectual functioning of the brain
جنون- دیوانگی- نقض دذر عملکرد مغز
a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning
deterioration
The exercise group scored better on tests
of cognitive function, and their brain scans showed less deterioration and more gray matter.
A study with multiple sclerosis patients showed that those who exercised more had less deterioration of the brain.
n. , the situation of becoming worse
diagnose
The doctor will ask you a series of questions and may
recommend some tests to come up with a diagnosis.
Usually, smaller amounts of BDNF are found in the blood of people diagnosed with depression.
The doctor asks the patient a series of questions to make a diagnosis.
The doctor is an outstanding diagnostician.
It is not always easy to diagnose
a disease.
Doctors use different diagnostic tests to Identify diseases.
v. , to identify an illness
disorder
those who have disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease
Depression is a serious disorder; but there are ways to
treat it.
n. , a disease or illness
gravity
Because of the gravity of his injury, the doctor told him not to exercise for several months.
If your condition is grave the doctor may give you medication.
Exercise may lessen the gravity of Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders that affect the brain.
Because of the gravity of her condition, the patient was kept in the hospital.
The patient arrived at the hospital in grave condition.
The patient was gravely ill.
n . . seriousness
impaired
Multiple sclerosis patients suffer many physical impairments.
Aging can impair short -term memory.
Impaired memory can be improved by regular exercise.
adj . , damaged or weakened
indicate
Mild depression may be a temporary response to the
normal stresses of life, but ongoing depression could indicate a more serious condition.
Forgetfulness may be an indication of Alzheimer’s disease, or it may just be a normal part of aging.
There are several key indicators that doctors look for in their diagnoses.
Studies indicate that exercise helps increase brainpower.
Memory loss may be indicative of a more serious condition.
v. , to show
link
n. , connection
mood
If you are suffering from a bad mood that won’t go away, it is important to see a doctor
Exercise helps people feel good mentally because it releases endorphins, which put people in a better mood.
The chemical in the brain that improves mood.
People are often in a good mood after exercising.
A person who suffers from
moodiness may be helped by regular exercise.
If you are feeling moody. get some exercise.
The patient replied moodily when asked if he was feeling much pain.
n. , a feeling, a state of mind
previously
people may have more control over their own brain health than was previously believed.
adv. , before
regulate
BDNF regulates the production of synapses, the connections between neurons.
BDNF improves the connections between nerve cells in the brain because it regulates how those connections, or synapses, are made.
v. , to control
rodent
n. , the group of small animals that includes mice and rats
spatial
adj . , of or relating to space
stave off
Regular exercise can help stave off some effects of normal aging and delay or diminish the gravity of conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease,
v. , to prevent
stimulate
a protein that stimulate the growth and development of brain cells.
v. , to cause a response.برانگیختن- تحریک کردن
correlation
A study in older humans found a correlation between aerobic fitness, the size of the hippocampus, and performance on spatial memory tests.
هم بستگی- ارتباط
spatial memory
spatial memory is that part of the memory responsible for the recording of information about one’s environment and spatial orientation.
gray matter
aerobic exercise increased the volume
of gray matter in some parts of the brain.
a person’s intelligence: .
sclerosis
Regular exercise can help stave off some effects of normal aging and delay or diminish the gravity of conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease,
depression, and multiple sclerosis.
تصلب بافت- ها- سفت شدگی بافتها
