unit 5, part 1

Question 1

abroad

Answer 1

adv. , in a foreign country

Question 2

administer
some patients go untreated not because lifesaving drugs are unavailable but because there are not enough nurses to administer them.
health care is often administered by workers who have
only rudimentary skills.

Answer 2

v. , to give medicine or medical treatment

دارو دادن - مدیریت کردن

Question 3

bulk

Answer 3

n. , the largest part

Question 4

complex
The complexity of the nursing shortage problem makes it difficult to solve.
The reasons for the worldwide nursing shortage are complex.
Some modern health care delivery systems have been complexly developed.

Answer 4

adj . , not simple

Question 5

cripple
a global nursing shortage threatens to cripple health care systems worldwide.
The war has crippled the countries economy.
he has been a cripple since the car accident.

Answer 5

v. , to cause serious damage; weaken

Question 6

decade

Answer 6

n . , period of ten years

Question 7

decline

Answer 7

v. , to gradually go lower, become smaller

Question 8

epidemic

Answer 8

n. , rapid spread of a disease

Question 9

estimate

Answer 9

v. , to guess based on information

Question 10

lure
It is difficult for poorer
nations to retain their nurses because better salaries and living conditions
lure many nurses to work in wealthier countries.

Answer 10

v. , to attract

Question 11

primary

Answer 11

adj . , main, most important

Question 12

qualified
A nurse who has the right qualifications will have no trouble finding a job.
At nursing school, a student learns the skills to qualify for a career in nursing.
Qualified nurses are needed everywhere.

Answer 12

adj . , skilled, able to do a job

Question 13

rampant
The epidemic spread with a rampancy that was frightening.
The rampant spread of the epidemic made it difficult to
control.
The disease spread rampantly throughout the region.

Answer 13

adj . , spreading out of control

Question 14

retain
Developed countries need to invest in nursing education and focus on retaining and rewarding
nurses appropriately.

Answer 14

v. , to keep

Question 15

rudimentary
assistant nurses. who have only
rudimentary training.

Answer 15

adj . , basic, not well developed

Question 16

shortage
The nursing shortage is affecting countries around the world.
Lack of proper medical care can shorten a patient’s life.
Both nurses and doctors are in short supply in many places.
The nurse said, “The doctor will be with you shortly.”

Answer 16

n. , a lack of something

Question 17

standpoint
From that standpoint. migration of nurses from
poorer to wealthier countries would appear to benefit all involved.

Answer 17

n. , point of view

Question 18

stem

Answer 18

v. , to come from, originate

Question 19

supply

Answer 19

n. , the total amount available

Question 20

vacancy
When a nurse leaves a job, it is not always easy to fill the vacancy.
Many nurses vacate their jobs in their native countries in favor of better positions elsewhere.
A vacant position at a hospital will be filled quickly if the salary and benefits are attractive.
The patient stared vacantly as the nurse tended to him.

Answer 20

n. , a position or job that needs to

be filled

Question 21

short-term fix

Answer 21

to get a fix on the problem

Question 22

outnumber
the boys in the class outnumber the girls.

Answer 22

to be more than

Question 23

prenatal

Routine immunizations and prenatal care fall victim to the nursing shortage in developing countries.

Answer 23

before birth; during or relating to pregnancy

Question 24

dwindling
In developed countries the nursing shortage largely stems from an aging population. who require more
health care services. coupled with a dwindling supply of nurses. many of whom are likewise nearing retirement age, with fewer young people preparing to replace them.

Answer 24

to grow lessکاهش یافتن

Question 25

dwindling In developed countries the nursing shortage largely stems from an aging population. who require more health care services. coupled with a dwindling supply of nurses. many of whom are likewise nearing retirement age, with fewer young people preparing to replace them.

Answer 25

to grow less کاهش یافتن

Question 26

deprived and results in millions of people being deprived of the health care they need.

Answer 26

محروم بودن

Question 27

cutback | The United Kingdom, for example, still feels the effects of a cutback in nurse training some twenty years ago.

Answer 27

an act or instance of reducing something, especially expenditure.