unit 6,part 1

Question 1

accessible /// allow accessاجازه دادن /gain access اجازه گرفتن
The Inca Trail provides one way to gain access to Machu Picchu.
The train from Cuzco increases accessibility to Machu Picchu.
Fewer people can access the site because the trip has become so expensive.
Machu Picchu is accessible by plane, train, or hiking.
Machu Picchu is inaccessible except by plane, train, or hiking.

Answer 1

adJ . , reachable, easy to get

Question 2

adventurous
Our trip to Machu Picchu was a great adventure.
We felt like modern-day adventurers.
We adventured into places where few people visit.
Adventurous people enjoy hiking in the Andes Mountains.
We hiked adventurously over tall peaks and steep cliffs.

Answer 2

adj . , daring, willing to try new or

dangerous activities

Question 3

archaeological
An archeologist is interested in ancient cultures.
The field of archeology has taught us a great deal about the ancient
world.
Machu Picchu is one of the most visited archeological sites in the world.
Archeological sites contain buildings and objects that have been around for a long time,

Answer 3

n .• a person who studies ancient cultures

Question 4

ceremonial
Machu Picchu is an ancient ceremonial city in the Andes Mountains of Peru. It was rediscovered by an archaeologist in 191 1.
The Incas built a ceremonial city on the site that included palaces, temples, storage rooms, baths, and houses,

Answer 4

adi. related to traditional or formal practices تشریفاتی

Question 5

construct

all constructed from heavy blocks of granite fitted precisely together

Answer 5

v. , to build

Question 6

draw
The interesting birds and flowers draw many people to the
mountains around Machu Picchu.
The wonders of Machu Picchu draw visitors from all around the world.
the mysteries of the ancient culture draw thousands of tourists from around the world every year.

Answer 6

verb. to attract, pull
B verb. to make a picture using pencils or crayons
People like to draw the beautiful mountain scenery around Machu Picchu.

Question 7

imagination
the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu have captured the imaginations of travelers ever since they were rediscovered by archeologist

Answer 7

1 . the ability to think creatively, form

pictures in the mind

Question 8

institute
The school plans to institute a summer program for students
who are interested in archaeology.
the Peruvian government instituted a set of restrictions on the use of the trail.

Answer 8

v. , to start, put in place

Question 9

luxury
Hiring porters to carry your equipment on a hiking trip is quite a luxury.
After returning from a week of hiking in the mountains, we luxuriated in the comfort of our beds.
A simple bed felt luxurious after a week long hiking trip.
We dined luxuriously on champagne and chocolate.

Answer 9

n. , something expensive and desirable

but unnecessary

Question 10

marvel
Along the way, hikers can enjoy many marvels such as spectacular views and
interesting flowers and birds.
Although the Inca Trail leads to the wonders of Machu Picchu. it offers many marvels of its own.

Answer 10

n. , a wonderful thing

Question 11

mystery

the mysteries of the ancient culture draw thousands of tourists from around the world every year.

Answer 11

n , something strange, unknown. or

difficult to understand

Question 12

native

Answer 12

adJ original to a place

Question 13

network

Answer 13

n. , a system of various parts that work

together

Question 14

pertain
It is not precisely clear
how the ancient Inca used the site, but experts believe that at least some of its functions pertained to astronomy.
There are also legal requirements that pertain to the minimum wage that porters must be paid as well as
the maximum weight load they can be required to carry.

Answer 14

v. , to be related to something

Question 15

precisely
The blocks were fitted together with great precision.
Archeologists have many theories but few precise ideas about the ceremonial functions of Machu
Picchu.
We arrived at the site at precisely five o’clock.

Answer 15

arlv .• exactly

Question 16

preserve

The preservation of archaeological sites is extremely important.

Answer 16

v. , to protect, save

Question 17

restriction
restrictions are necessary to preserve the environment.
the government restricted large numbers of people from entering the area.
The rules may seem restrictive, but they are meant to protect the area.

Answer 17

n , official limit on something

Question 18

site

Answer 18

n. , place

Question 19

spectacular

Answer 19

adJ . , wonderful to see

Question 20

upside

The upside is that the environment and the workers are protected.

Answer 20

n , advantage, good part

Question 21

hiking

Answer 21

long walk

Question 22

trail
The ancient Inca created a network of trails throughout the mountains,
no more than 500 people a day are allowed to enter the trail. Because each group that sets out includes guides and porters.

Answer 22

path or unpaved way

Question 23

pilgrimage
The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, used by hikers today, was likely considered a sacred route in its time.
used by travelers making pilgrimages to that ceremonial site.

Answer 23

زیارت

Question 24

provide

They provide us with a connection to past civilizations, to the people who came before us.

Answer 24

nb

Question 25

They contain valuable information about our ancestors and where we came from . If we lose this information, we lose the possibility of learning many things about our history. It is terrible to think that something that has lasted for thousands of years can be destroyed in a relatively short period of time by the idle curiosity of modem tourists.

Answer 25

نیاکان