Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Unit 3 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

agglutination

A

the aggregation by antibodies of suspended cells or similar size particles into clumps that settle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

allograft

A

relatively compatible tissue exchange between nonidentical member of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anamnestic response

A

an augmented response or memory related to a prior stimulation of the immune system by antigen
boosts levels of immune substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

antibiotic

A

a chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antibody

A

a large protein molecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with the antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antigen

A

any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by b cells or t cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

attenuate

A

to reduce the virulence of a pathogenic bacterium or virus by passing it through a nonnative host or by long term subculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

broadsprectrum

A

denotes drugs that have an effect on a wide variety of microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cephalosporins

A

a groud of broad spectrum antibiotics isolated from the fungus cephalosporium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

complement

A

serum protein components that act in a definite sequence when set in motion either by an antigen-antibody complex or by factors of the alternative pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cytokine

A

a chemical substance produced by white blood cells and tissue cells that regulates development, inflammation and immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

desensitization

A

a therapeutic exposure to known allergens designed to build tolerance and eventually prevent allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a disease involving compromise in insulin function. in one form, the pancreatic cells that produce insulin are destroyed by autoantibodies; in another, the pancreas does not produce sufficient amounts of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dichotomous key

A

flow charts that offer two choices or pathways at each level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

edema

A

the accumulation of excess fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ELISA

A

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, a very sensitive serological test used to detect antibodies in diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

epitope

A

the precise molecular group of antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

herd immunity

A

the status of collective acquired immunity in a population that reduces the likelihood that nonimmune individuals will contract and spread infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

histamine

A

a cytokine released when mast cells and basophils release their granules
smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, and increased mucus secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hybridization

A

a process that matches complementary strands of nucleic acid

help find specific sites or types of nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

immunity

A

an acquired resistance to an infectious agent due to prior contact with that agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

incidence

A

in epidemiology, the number of new cases of a disease occurring during a period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

inflammation

A

a natural, nonspecific response to tissue injury that protects the host from further damage. it stimulates immune reactivity and blocks the spread of an infectious agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

interferon

A

natural human chemical that inhibits viral replication; used therapeutically to combat viral infections and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
leukocytes
white blood cells the primary infection fighting blood cells
26
memory cell
the long lived progeny of a sensitized lymphocyte that remains in circulation and is genetically programmed to react rapidly with its antigen
27
MIC
the smallest concentration of drug needed to visibly control microbial growth
28
neutralization
the process of combining an acid and a base until they reach a balanced proportion, with a ph value of 7
29
neutrophil
a mature granulocyte present in peripheral circulation, exhibiting a multilobular nucleus and numerous cytoplasmic granules that retain a neutral stain. active phagocytic cell in bacterial infection
30
opsonization
the process of stimulating phagocytosis by affixing molecules to the surfaces of foreign cells or particles
31
penicillins
a large group of naturally occurring and synthetic antibiotics produced by penicillium mold and active aainst the cell wall of bacteria
32
probiotics
preparations of live microbes used as a preventive or therapeutic measure to displace or compete with potential pathogens
33
prevalence
the total number of cases of a disease in a certain area and time period
34
secondary infection
an infection that compounds a preexisting one
35
septicemia
systemic infection associated with microorganisms multiplying in circulating blood
36
serology
the branch of immunology that deals with in vitro diagnostic testing of serum
37
specificity
the concept that some parts of the immune system only react with antigen that originally activated them
38
symptom
the subjective evidence of infection and disease as perceived by the patient
39
titer
in immunochemistry, a measure of antibody level in a patient determined by agglutination methods
40
toxin
a specific chemical product of microbes, plants, and some animals that is poisonous to other organisms
41
toxoid
a toxin that has been rendered nontoxic but is still capable of eliciting the formation of protective anitoxin antibodies
42
tubeerculin reaction
a diagnostic test in which purified protein derivative is injected superficially under the skin and the area of reaction measured
43
universal donor
in blood grouping and transfusion, a group O individual whose erythrocytes bear neither agglutinogen A nor B
44
vaccination
exposing a person to the antigenic components of a microbe without its pathogenic affects for the purpose of inducing a future protective response
45
vancomycin
antibiotc that targets the bacterial cell wall, used often in antibiotic resistant infections
46
virulence
in infection, the relative capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells
47
western blot test
a procedure for separating and identifying antigen or antibody mixtures by two dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, followed by immune labeling
48
zoonosis
an infectious disease indigenous to animals that human can acquire through direct or indirect contact with infected animals
49
Nosocomial
acquired disease when staying at a hospital
50
fever
an abnormally elevated body temperature
51
Hypersensitivity
reactions produced by normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity
52
Anaphylatic shock
vasodialation, leaky capillaries, and constricted bronchioles systemic anaphylactic shock is detremental
53
Degranulation
granules are released from cells through vacuoles
54
sensitivity
detection of minute amounts of antibodies and antigens
55
Immunofluorescence
uses fluorescent antibodies
56
Trimethoprim
antimicrobial that attacks folic acid synthesis
57
Prophylaxis
use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk
58
Side effect
response to antimicrobial, could be an allergic reaction, toxicity to human cell
59
Infectious dose
infection will proceed only if a minimum number is present
60
Noscomial
disease acquired during or after hospital stay

Microbiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions