Chapter 2 MICRO

Question 1

Neutrons and protons are located in

Answer 1

the nucleus

Question 2

electrons are located

Answer 2

outside nucleus on orbitals

Question 3

the stability of atomic structure is largely maintained by

Answer 3

mutual attraction of protons and electrons

exact balance of proton number and electron number(neutral)

Question 4

Isotopes

Answer 4

Variant forms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Question 5

first orbital shell contains

Answer 5

one orbital holding 2 electrons

Question 6

2nd orbital shell

Answer 6

4 orbitals

8 electrons

Question 7

3rd orbital shell

Answer 7

9 orbitals

18 electrons

Question 8

4th orbital shell

Answer 8

16 orbitals

32 electrons

Question 9

molecule is

Answer 9

combination of two or more atoms

Question 10

a compound is

Answer 10

two or more different elements

Question 11

polar

Answer 11

pulling causing one side to be more negative and the other be more positive

Question 12

covalent bond

Answer 12

sharing of electrons

Question 13

ionic bond

Answer 13

electrons are completely transferred

Question 14

ionization

Answer 14

ionic bond is broken and the atoms dissociate into unattached charged particles called ion

Question 15

a solution is a mixture of one or more substances called

Answer 15

solvents

Question 16

a dissolving medium is called

Answer 16

solute

Question 17

what do acids release to increase their acidity

Answer 17

hydrogen ion

Question 18

what do basics release to increase their alkalinity

Answer 18

hydroxide ions

Question 19

inorganic chemicals do not contain

Answer 19

carbon and hydrogen

Question 20

organic chemicals contain

Answer 20

carbon

Question 21

polymers are made up of

Answer 21

chains of monomers

Question 22

what are the main elements in a carbohydrate

Answer 22

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 23

carbohydrates exist in what type of configurations

Answer 23

monosaccharide, disaccharide (2 monosaccharides) and polysaccharide (5 or more monosaccharides)

Question 24

what links disaccharides and polysaccharides together

Answer 24

glycosidic bonds

Question 25

what are the functions of polysaccharides

Answer 25

structural support and protection | serve as nutrient and energy stores

Question 26

polysaccharides are usually stored by cells in the form of

Answer 26

glycogen

Question 27

what elements are lipids made of

Answer 27

carbon and hydrogen

Question 28

what are the main groups of lipids

Answer 28

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids and waxes

Question 29

triglycerides are composed of

Answer 29

one glycerol bound to three fatty acids

Question 30

what determines saturated triglyceride

Answer 30

carbons in the chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens solid fat

Question 31

what determines unsaturated triglyceride

Answer 31

at least one double bonded carbonin the chain | liquid, oil

Question 32

what are phospholipids composed of

Answer 32

only two fatty acids attached to one glycerol | hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tail

Question 33

what are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

what is the stucture of an amino acid

Answer 34

carbon linked to amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and a variable R group

Question 35

what binds amino acids together

Answer 35

peptide bond

Question 36

what is a peptide

Answer 36

short chains of amino acids

Question 37

what is a polypeptide

Answer 37

has more than 20 amino acids in a chain

Question 38

what does the primary structure of a protein contain

Answer 38

just an amino acid sequence, peptide chain

Question 39

secondary structure of a protein is

Answer 39

beta pleated sheet, alpha helix

Question 40

tertiary structure of a protein is

Answer 40

folded polypeptide chain

Question 41

quaternary structure of a protein is

Answer 41

two or more polypeptide chains

Question 42

what two types of nucleic acid are there

Answer 42

DNA and RNA

Question 43

DNA and RNA consist of

Answer 43

nucleotides (nitogen base, pentose, phosphate)

Question 44

what two nucleotides are purines

Answer 44

adenine and guanine

Question 45

what three nucleotides are pyrimidines

Answer 45

thymine and cytosine and uracil

Question 46

what sugar is bonded with RNA

Answer 46

ribose

Question 47

what sugar is bonded with DNA

Answer 47

deoxyribose

Question 48

Fun facts of RNA

Answer 48

usually single stranded, ribose sugar, uracil