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unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

anaconda plan

A

north’s three part plan- block ports to cut off southern trade with europe, control mississippi river to cut off texas (where most supplies are made) and split the confederacy in half, and capture the capital of the confederacy.

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2
Q

national banking act

A

war bonds are treated as specie which helps pay for war and encourage economic investment.

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3
Q

writ of habeas corpus

A

enforcement of the constitution suspended in maryland. allows military to arrest pro confederacy marylanders. justified by the necessary and proper clause.

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4
Q

1st battle of bull run (manasas)

A

first planned battle of the civil war. begins with north winning but after confederate reinforcements show up north does not do well as they weren’t prepared so they retreat chaotically with the sightseers.

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5
Q

antietam (sharpsburg)

A

south lost 1/4 of their army. if general mcclellan would have fought the next day the war could’ve been over, but he didn’t. lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation after this because it was a big victory for the north.

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6
Q

ulysses s. grant

A

general who actually fights but people don’t like him/

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7
Q

battle of shiloh

A

gives north most control of the mississippi then full control of new orleans.

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8
Q

first confiscation act

A

authorizes the seizure of property of the other side during the war. says the slaves aren’t free if their confiscated.

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9
Q

second confiscation act

A

slaves that cross union lines are forever free.

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10
Q

emancipation proclamation

A

makes the war about slavery. all slaves under rebel control shall be free by january 1, 1863.

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11
Q

battle of gettysburg

A

south invaded for supplies and to hopefully have victory in the north. southern ammunition was going over the north’s heads so the north didn’t shoot back making the south think they were dead and charge leading to victory for the north. again, if the union attacked the next day they would win.

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12
Q

siege at vicksburg

A

full control of the mississippi by the union.

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13
Q

war of attriation

A

grant was willing to use his troops to defeat the south.

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14
Q

sherman’s march/march to the sea

A

wants to show how horrible war is to citizens. destroys everything.

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15
Q

democratic factions in the election of 1864

A

peace and war

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16
Q

election of 1864

A

mcclellan is nominated and the peace democrat nominee. war democrats merge with republicans to make the union part who nominates lincoln and andrew johnson.

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17
Q

appomattox

A

south outnumbered and surrounded, general lee surrenders to grant.

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18
Q

proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction

A

lincoln’s plan. south never really left the union so rejoining will be quick and easy. when 10% of voters pledge allegiance to the union and accept emancipation, the state can rejoin the union.

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19
Q

wade-davis bill

A

made by radical republicans. 50% of voters need to pledge and accept.

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20
Q

presidential reconstruction

A

johnson’s plan. state must admit secession was illegal, promise to pay back their own debts, and ratify the 13th amendment (accept abolition).

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21
Q

black codes

A

passed in the south to keep white superiority. examples: must have a license for non-agricultural land, cannot own farmland.

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22
Q

congress v johnson

A

moderates made up the majority of congress but johnson’s actions pushed them into radical’s hands.

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23
Q

reconstruction act of 1867

A

5 military districts in the south to ensure they comply, 14th amendment must be accepted, must grant black suffrage. then they can be a state.

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24
Q

tenure of office act

A

stops the president from removing generals or cabinet members without congress approval. says he can’t make orders.

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25
carpetbaggers
move from north to south to have power of southern republican governments.
26
scalawags
poor southerners support republican governments for wealth and power.
27
freedmen
freedmen generally vote republican because they were freed.
28
klu klux klan
formed to suppress southern republican governments and stop blacks and scalawags from voting. terrorized blacks to display white supremacy.
29
south strength's
on defense, better generals (robert e lee).
30
north strengths
4x the population of the south, strong navy to control waters, control of banks, factories, and railroads, and strong central government.
31
fort sumter
first shots of the civil war. south cut off provisions to this base so lincoln said he was simply supplying it but the ships were attacked.
32
gettysburg address
Lincoln wanted to unify the nation and portray abolitionism as fulfilling america's democratic ideals.
33
freedman's bureau
helped newly freed blacks get back on their feet.
34
civil rights act of 1866
protected citizenship of blacks and gave them protection. All Blacks are citizens. Also overturned the Dred Scott Decision.
35
14th amendment
anyone born or naturalized in the US are citizens and all citizens have equal protection by state laws.
36
15th amendment
voting rights to the black population of the south.
37
national women's suffrage association
fought to give women voting rights. said it was important to support federal reconstruction and work on suffrage on the state level.
38
compromise of 1877
democrats would concede the election but all federal troops had to be removed from the south.
39
election of 1867
samuel tilden vs. hayes. tilden won popular vote but neither got enough electoral. mostly republicans that got to decide, chose republican hayes.
40
what was the number one export from the US by the civil war?
cotton
41
what amount of whites in the south had slaves by 1860 and how many did they own?
1/4. 50% owned fewer than 5, only 1% owned more than 100.
42
social hierarchy of the south
planter aristocracy, small scale slave owners, white non-slave owners, mountain whites, free blacks, 4 million slaves.
43
field slaves
worked in the field while being overseen by supervisors making sure they were doing good work.
44
domestic slaves
slaves that worked in the home (childcare, cooking, cleaning). seen as a part of the family by owners.
45
manifest destiny
americans believe they have a God-given right to have a nation from the pacific to the atlantic.
46
california gold rush
gold discovered in california in 1848, people from the east rushed over.
47
preemption acts
passed during the 1830-40s, abundant land was available for cheap for those looking to setup a homestead and farm westward.
48
james k polk
elected in 1844, big on manifest destiny, wanted texas and oregon.
49
two requirements made by mexican government for texas settlers.
convert to roman catholicism and outlawed slavery.
50
sam houston revolt
declare texas as an independent republic.
51
the alamo
mexico sent forces to put down the revolt of sam houston. mexico won by killing every american defending it.
52
battle of san jacinto
retaliation after the alamo, houston and his army capture the mexican general and force him to sign a treaty making Texas independent. Texas claims independence but Mexico doesn't recognize it.
53
john slidell
senator who went to mexico city to ask the government to sell the US more land (new mexico and california) and settle the location of the southern border.
54
treaty of guadalupe hidalgo
officially ended the Mexican american war, established the rio grande as the southern border of texas, mexico cession (new mexico and california) sold to the US for 15 million.
55
wilmot proviso
any land gained from victory in the mexican american war would be off limits to slavery. turned down.
56
compromise of 1850 southern position
slavery is a constitutional right, slavery location was already decided by the missouri compromise.
57
free soil movement
northern democrats and whigs, wanted new territories to have free laborers.
58
abolitionists
ban slavery everywhere.
59
popular sovereignty
each territory should decide its own slavery rules.
60
compromise of 1850
made by henry clay. mexican cession divided into utah and new mexico who would practice popular sovereignty, california would be a free state, slave trade banned in DC, stricter fugitive slave laws.
61
abolitionist written work
the liberator and uncle tom's cabin.
62
abolitionist spoken work
fredrick douglass's speeches.
63
underground railroad
series of paths and railroads used by slaves to escape to freedom.
64
john brown
fierce abolitionist who believed America would be freed of slavery only by slave uprisings. led the harper's ferry uprising.
65
harper's ferry uprising
led by john brown. wanted to steal weapons and give them to slaves in order to ignite an uprising. quickly squashed and brown was hanged.
66
kansas nebraska act
kansas and nebraska came into the union and were clearly above the 36 30 line, stephen douglas suggested this territory be split into 2 and have popular sovereignty.
67
bleeding kansas
violence between proslavery and antislavery people in kansas.
68
dred scott decision
Slaves are not citizens but property. Insinuated slavery was allowed anywhere.
69
whig factions
cotton whigs (proslavery), conscience whigs (antislavery).
70
republicans
made in 1854, argued that slavery shouldn't spread into new territory.
71
john tyler
former democrat, left to join whigs because he hated andrew Jackson but didn't share any other beliefs.
72
54 40 or fight
polk wants all of oregon, including in canada. eventually birtain argues that the border will be on the 49th parallel and we get oregon but smaller.
73
cause of the mexican american war
polk offered 25 million dollars for all of the southwest but mexico declined because it would half their nation. polk puts the army on the rio grande which he said the border while mexico believed it to be the nueces river, meaning they saw it as an invasion and attacked first which polk wanted.
74
election of 1848
whigs nominate war hero zachary taylor and he wins but he is not political.
75
what did california do in 1850?
applied for statehood
76
fugitive slave act
only runaway accusation needed to put a black man into slavery.
77
whig factions 1850
anti compromise and procompromise, who also added freesoil to their platform.
78
gasden purchase
purchase of a small section of land in the south for the transcontinental railroad.
79
sumner brooks affair
sumner gives a speech blaming the south for kansas conflicts, southern legislator beats him half to death.
80
election of 1856
democrats don't want to nominate stephen douglas, nominate james buchanan and he wins.
81
election of 1860
democrats nominated stephen douglas, but they were in factions so they were weak and nominated two other candidates as they knew douglas would cause war. republicans nominated abe lincoln who won without winning popularity or one electoral college vote from the south.
82
northern democrats
stephen douglas, popular sovereignty in territories.
83
southern democrats
john breckenridge, slavery in new territories protected by a slave code, states have pop sov.
84
confederate states of america
many southern states left the union as they could no longer survive. created a constitution that created a weak federal gov and made it impossible to abolish slavery.
85
jefferson davis
first and only president of the confederacy.
86
alexander stephens
vp of confederacy, delivered cornerstone speech (whites are better than blacks which was the foundation of the confederacy, proven through slavery).
87
paternalism
the idea that slavery was a set of reciprocal obligations between masters and slaves, with slaves providing labor and obedience and masters providing basic care and necessary guidance.
88
free soil party
anti-slavery men in the north, democrats who disliked polk's actions, and some conscience whigs. against slavery in the new territories. advocated federal internal improvements.
89
crittenden's compromise
last chance at compromise. an unsuccessful proposal to permanently protect slavery in the US and restore the missouri compromise.
90
fort sumter
fort is south carolina, running low on supplies so lincoln says he will protect and resupply it. south carolina saw it as fortification and attacked, quickly winning.

apush (26 decks)

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