unit 7 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
jingoism
A
getting land because you are a powerful nation. nationalism.
2
Q
fredrick Jackson turner
A
wrote about the american west. previously always had the wild west which other countries did not have.
3
Q
Alfred mahan
A
wrote a book in 1890 declaring that any country that wanted global influence needed a strong navy.
4
Q
pan American conference
A
- previously US said they were leaders of the west (Monroe doctrine), but here they display it. countries of the western hemisphere met to discuss and solve issues and the US took a leadership role.
5
Q
venezuela crisis
A
gold found and Britain wants it so the US enforces the Monroe doctrine. they tell Britain that if they take that land, they will start war and Britain doesn’t take it.
6
Q
Spanish American War
A
Cuban people want independence from Spain, the US is flattered and wants to help. After Yellow Journalism and the USS Maine explodes, the American people support a war and the US surprise attacks the Philippines. Quick, decisive, low casualties. Spain loses the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. They were giving to the US.
7
Q
Open Door Policy
A
By John Hay. Saw the opportunities for US economic influence in China going away as Europe established spheres of influence (exclusive trading rights in certain areas). Hay asked these powers to allow an “open door” of trading privileges. US is always allowed to trade with China.
8
Q
Boxer Rebellion
A
Chinese nationalists want US and European influence out. US says they’ll help put the rebellion down and they do, creating the Open Door Policy.
9
Q
Platt Amendment
A
With Cuba, they may not have negotiations without the US and the US can invade if things are out of control.
10
Q
Panama Canal
A
Began but was never finished, TR wants to finish so they can get to Asia faster. He offers Colombia a ton of money to finish it which they decline, so they encourage Panama to declare independence, which they do. Columbia then agrees quickly.
11
Q
Roosevelt Corollary
A
TR wants more proactive instead of reactive (Monroe Doctrine). If a nation looks like they could start war in Latin America, US would intervene.
12
Q
Gentlemen’s Agreement
A
We will treat Japanese immigrants better if you stop sending them. Japan stops but the US doesn’t.
13
Q
Pancho Villa
A
Want to become president by making US and Mexico fight. Crosses the border and kills citizens in hopes to make Wilson declare war. Wilson sends tons of troops but they can;t find him.
14
Q
Zimmerman telegram
A
Germany tells Mexico when Germany wins against the US they will get their land back. Threat on US land.
15
Q
Liberty Loans
A
WWI. Patriotic War bonds. Raises money for the war.
16
Q
Committee on Public Info
A
Propaganda to get people to voluntarily do things to help, no force.
17
Q
Schenck vs. US
A
Sedition Act established, brought to court because of freedom of speech, upheld to improve security.
18
Q
Selective Service Act
A
WWI. First peacetime draft. Attracts and trains many people for the army. Not well trained.
19
Q
War Industries Board
A
WWI. Oversees all boards helping with war. Very powerful, can tell factories what, how much, and by when to produce. Make sure there is limited waste, taking stuff out of consumer products (like medal in corsets).
20
Q
Food Administration
A
WWI. Tasked to feed our army and all our allies’ armies. Herbert Hoover is the head, encouraging people to give up food instead of rationing.
21
Q
Andrew Melon
A
Secretary of Treasury. Says cutting taxes of the wealthy would lead to a better economy (supply-side economics). Businessmen will then invest in the economy more, thereby growing the economy.
22
Q
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
A
Raises taxes on imports to 60%. By President Herbert Hoover
23
Q
First Red Scare
A
European anarchists and communists are infiltrating. Palmer Raids attempt to get rid of these ideas.
24
Q
National Origins Act
A
Quota system that limits the amount of immigrants from certain areas. 2% of the amount there at 1890 (targeting new). Officially excludes all Asian immigration. No limits on western hemisphere immigration and Mexican Immigration increases.
25
Sacco and Vanzetti
Accused of robbing and shooting two employees. They looked Italian and they had guns so they were arrested, found guilty, and executed. Likely because they were immigrants and anarchists.
26
Scopes Monkey Trial
Law in TN that you could only teach creationism and not evolution. This teacher does it anyway and is put on trial.
27
Flappers
Women going against what traditional women do in public.
28
F Scott Fitzgerald
the Great Gatsby ecompasses the 1920s
29
Ernest Hemingway
a Farewell to Arms tells how WWI affected veterans
30
Langston Hughes
writes about celebrating African American culture and highlights how they are treated.
31
Zora Neale Hurston
writes about the experiences of African American women.
32
Federal Farm Board
Helped stabilize crop prices and promote the sale of agricultural products during the GD.
33
Black Thursday
October 24, 1929. Stocks sold at huge numbers for low prices as people started to panic.
34
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929. Even more shares of stocks sold, prices continue to drop.
35
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
a US government agency established in 1932 to provide financial support to businesses, banks, and other institutions during the Great Depression and World War II. It was a key component of President Herbert Hoover's and later, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's, efforts to combat the economic crisis.
36
Bonus Army
WWI veterans were promised they would eventually get pensions but they wanted them now. Turned away and some stay there, making a very bad image because veterans are living on the streets asking for help. MacArthur is asked to make them leave but he uses crazy military equipment and Hoover is blamed.
37
Federal Deposit and Insurance Corps (FDIC)
Closes every bank in the US for 4 days so inspectors can see the quality of the bank -- closed if unstable or worked with it to make it stable. Also put insurance on bank deposits.
38
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Jobs for young men -- work in the environment in the west.
39
Federal Energy Relief Act (FERA)
Money to create jobs for people in the cities that couldn't move west. Original money was for creating jobs, but there were too many people and too little jobs so it became handouts.
40
Security and Exchange Commision (SEC)
Regulate and oversee stocks, first time government regulated the stock market.
41
National Recovery Admin
Ensuring business has the tools necessary to be successful. Creates codes businesses need to follow, which they agreed to follow because they wanted to recover. Unconstitutional because the codes were basically law.
42
Agriculture Adjustment Act
Regulation on what crops farmers can plant. Helps the farmers. Unconstitutional because it taxed processors to help farmers.
43
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Most people there were poor, small farmers. Farms often flooded by the river. Create a hydroelectric dam that stops flooding and provides electricity. Hated by some because it could seem socialist.
44
Supreme Court Packing
Every justice over 70 could have a younger apprentice to help them get through cases. FDR would get to appoint them and the current conservative judges were older. Does not pass.
45
American Liberty Leauge
Right. Believe America is straying away from capitalism and FDR is going too far.
46
Share the Wealth Program
Huey Long. Every American could earn $1,000,000 with normal tax, but higher would be 100% tax so every American could make at least 2,000. Assassinated before it went anywhere. Thought FDR wasn't doing enough for the poor.
47
Townsend
Concerned for elderly, no legislation to help them. Eventually leads to SS.
48
Works Progress Admin
Build infrastructure. Everywhere. A lot of jobs for everyone.
49
Wagner Act
Guaranteed workers the right to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.
Prohibited unfair labor practices by employers (like firing union organizers).
50
Keynesian Economics
Government going into debt to stimulate the economy.
51
Roosevelt Recession
Economy takes a downturn, proving it was not recovered.
52
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Outlaws offensive war, but allows defensive. European armies build strength and put armies on borders. US doesn't.
53
London Econ Conference
Fixing world issues. The US doesn't go because of isolationism and their own issues at home. Under FDR.
54
Good Neighbor Policy
Let Latin America handle their own issues in contrast to the Bad Neighbor Policy. Under FDR.
55
Neutrality Acts
When the President declares war, these acts go into effect. No giving weapons or loans, Americans cannot go onto those nations ships.
56
Cash and Carry
The first to adapt Neutrality Laws (issues realized) said we could sell weapons but only if other countries transported and paid cash.
57
Destroyers for bases
Trade Britain old destroyers for bases in Britain, not very effective.
58
Lend Lease
Give resources to other nations if they give them back.
59
Atlantic Charter
FDR meets Prime Minister of Britain, pledges to be on their side.
60
War Powers Act of 1942
Gives the president more power than ever before. Helped the government organize the crazy spending going on.
61
Joint Chiefs of Staff
All branches of military coordinating with each other to effectively fight the war in two different areas. Beginnings of the CIA created along with the Office of Scientific Research and Development, which funded research and eventually made the atomic bomb.
62
Office of Price Administration
Check inflation of consumer goods as supplies become limited. Also ensure rationing is being followed. WWII.
63
Double V campaign
Victory abroad and victory at home.
64
Navaho Windtalkers
Famous Native code talker group that used their Native language to send messages.
65
Braceros
Encourages Mexicans to come farm fields. Become exploited with leads to an eventual Civil Rights movement.
66
Zoot Suit Riots
Americans saw these Mexicans as draft dodging hooligans. Soldiers on leave attacked Mexican-Americans wearing zoot suits. Police came and arrested the Mexicans.
67
EO 9066
Allowed the government to relocate many Japanese Americans to Internment Camps as they were hated and suspicious of possibly being spies. Confiscated their land and put children in these camps.
68
Korematsu v. US
Fred Korematsu refused and took it to the Supreme Court (Korematsu v. US). Decided that it was Constitutional because it was necessary during war because of the danger of espionage and sabotage. Later realized it was a mistake.
69
The Fourteen Points
After WWI ended, Wilson wanted a peaceful world, so he made the Fourteen Points. This included freedom of seas, self-determination of nations, and League of Nations (no war). Got Spanish Flu so Britain and France got what they wanted (vengeance against Germany).
70
Shank vs US
Shank spoke out against and refused the draft so he was arrested but repealed this which made it to the SC. SC said that when free speech was dangerous it could be silenced.
71
The Emergency Quota Act
established the nation's first numerical limits on the number of immigrants who could enter the United States.
72
Great Migration
Huge amounts of Southern Blacks migrated to urban areas of the north. Wanted to escape suppression of the South where they were treated as second-class citizens. Jim Crow Laws were the tipping point, but they were also looking for jobs (less immigrants). Still experience discrimination, but it wasn’t built into the legal structures. Second wave of the Exoduster Movement.
73
Tulsa Race Riots/Massacre
White woman claimed a Black shoe shiner assaulted her. A white mob formed to attack the man, but an opposing group of Black people fought back. A lot of property was destroyed and 300 Blacks were killed. Also made a lot of people homeless.
74
Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor analyzed factories and recommended how to make it faster. Crucial in making the assembly line efficient.
75
jacob riis
studies the poor in the cities as a journalist. writes 'how the other half lives.'
76
farmer's alliance system
farmers organized themselves into groups to advocate for their economic interests, primarily fighting against high railroad rates, low crop prices, and the dominance of large corporations. eventually led to the formation of the populist party.
77
omaha platform
populist party's. fights for laborers, usually whites. wanted direct election of senators, silver backed dollars, graduated income tax, and an 8 hour work day.
78
coxey's army
a group of unempolyed men who planned to start in ohio and march to dc in order to get more people to join to demand jobs. they don't get a lot of people to join and are arrested for trespassing. showcases the issues of uniting many groups into one.
79
william jennings bryan
runs for president with populist values in the election of 1896.
80
why did mckinley win the election of 1896?
ran on high tariffs and gold standard but won because he was supported by big business, therefore having a lot of campaign money.
81
dingley tariff
passed by mckinley, made the tariff the highest they had ever been, again favoring industrial workers over farmers.
82
progressive era
many issues building throughout the gilded age, progressive era comes about to end laissez faire.
83
populists vs progressives
populists sometimes challenge capitalism, progressives encouraged more democracy. populists use sympathy, progressives use facts.
84
thorstein
wrote “the theory of the leisure class” which analyzed the damage upper classes caused by buying unnecessary things instead of contributing money to help society.
85
lincoln steffens
muckraker who wrote “the shame of cities” which revealed what was happening in one specific city (st. louis) and the actions of political bosses.
86
ida tarbell
wrote “the history of standard oil” revealing rockefellers practices and what he did to get power.
87
upton sinclair
wrote the fiction story “the jungle” to inform people how migrants were treated. also revealed bad facts about the meat industry.
88
initiative
people are able to propose laws.
89
referendum
people can vote on certain laws.
90
recall
people are able to vote to kick someone out of office early.
91
17th ammendment
direct election of senators.
92
triangle shirtwaist fire
management locked workers into the shirtwaist factory from the outside so they couldn’t leave when a fire started and 146 women died.
93
18th ammendment
prohibition. prevents making and selling of alcohol.
94
eugenics
the controlling of reproduction is applied to people. no reproduction in jails or mental institutions.
95
19th amendment
women’s suffrage. success because many reformers are women.
96
w.e.b. dubois
pushes back against accommodation and fights for activism. cofounded the naacp for activism against racism because accommodation is not working.
97
changes from industrialization (2nd industrial revolution)
prior, americans made things to use themselves or to sell locally. after, americans mass produced to sell everywhere.
98
the 3 c’s (square deal)
theodore roosevelts plan and actions as president that effectively improved the health and safety for the economy, the environment, and people.
99
corporation control (the 3 c’s)
control monopolies and protect employees. supports labor unions. in 1903, there was the anthracite coal mine strike right before winter (when people needed coal). business asks tr for help but he says they must negotiate or he will send troops to take over the mines. also does trust busting, splitting monopolies into good and bad, mostly going after railroads.
100
Phoebe apperson hurst
millionaire, philanthropist, women's suffrage leader. gave money to schools so lower class children could be educated the same as upper class.
101
national american women’s suffrage association
elizabeth cady stanton and susan b anthony founded to fight for the right of women to vote.
102
consumer protection (the 3 c’s)
makes the pure food and drug act and meat inspection act.
103
pure food and drug act
paves the way for the FDA. ensures things being marketed as something is actually that. the label is what it is.
104
conservation (the 3 c’s)
protects the environment by regulating what is put into it.
105
panic of 1907
people think it was caused by TR's trustbusting, actually because there's no national bank. there is regional failure of banks so people get worries and take out their money leading to widespread panic. jp morgan bails out the gov again.
106
underwood tariff
by wilson. lowers the tariff by 15% in the first time in a long time. helped by the 16th amendment (income tax).
107
federal reserve act
by wilson. establishes the national bank again. helps with national panic.
108
clayton antitrust act
busts 100 trusts, prevents labor unions from being seen as monopolies.
109
Josiah Strong
Wrote a book arguing that whites were the original humans and were the fittest to survive. Added that it was the Christian duty to spread Christianity and Western civilization to backwards lands.
110
Secret Ballot
No one can see how you’re voting (no pressure, especially from political bosses).
111
Niagara movement
Led by Dubois, Black intellectuals organized actions and protests to secure rights.
112
Forest Reserve Act
Allowed for the protection of forests and watersheds, as well as ensuring a continuous supply of timber.
113
Espionage Act and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918
suppress dissent and anti-war sentiment. The Espionage Act criminalized obstructing recruitment, encouraging mutiny, and aiding the enemy by spreading false information. The Sedition Act expanded this to prohibit disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the government, flag, or military, and those who violated it faced imprisonment.
Here's a more detailed look:
Espionage Act of 1917:
This law aimed to prevent espionage and protect the war effort by making it a crime to interfere with military recruitment, incite mutiny, or spread false information. It also gave the Postmaster General the power to seize mail deemed to contain such information.
Sedition Act of 1918:
Passed as amendments to the Espionage Act, this law broadened the scope of the original legislation by criminalizing any language that was "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive" about the US government, flag, or armed forces.
114
Treaty of Versailles
a peace treaty that formally ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers. It imposed harsh terms on Germany. Not signed because of the League of Nations.
115
Glass Steagall Act
increased regulations on banks and limited the ways they could use people’s money.
