Unit 7 Stress, Coping, Health & Unit 8 Psycholical Disorders Study Questions

Question 1

What are Minor Stressors?

Answer 1

Everyday events that you perceive as threatening.
They are important to understand because of the cumulative nature of stress.

Question 2

Having to choose between 2 alternatives that are both viewed as attractive, likable or positive is what kind of conflict?

Answer 2

Approach Approach Conflict

Question 3

Having to choose between 2 alternatives that are both viewed as negative or unbdersirable. These conflicts often result in freezing or leaving the filed is what type of conflict?

Answer 3

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

Question 4

Having to choose whether or not to pursue a single goal that has both positive and negative attributes. These conflicts often result in feelings of ambivalence or particular approach responses is what type of conflict?

Answer 4

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

Question 5

Having to choose between options that all have positive and negative qualities is what type of conflict?

Answer 5

Multiple approach-avoidance conflicts

Question 6

What are the 3 stages of Hans Selye General Adaptation Syndrome Model?

Answer 6

1. Alarm reaction
2. Stage of resistance
3. Stage of exhaustion

Question 7

THe point at which an organism appraises a situation as stress is what stage of general adaption syndrome model?

Answer 7

Alarm reaction stage

Question 8

The point at which the the body continues to cope with the stressor is what stage of general adaption syndrome model?

Answer 8

Stage of resistance

Question 9

The point at which wear and tear on the body being is what stage of general adaption syndrome model?

Answer 9

Stage of exhaustion

Question 10

Where do physical responses to stress occur?

Answer 10

The hypothalamus of the brain

Question 11

What is the Pathway in the Brain when responding to stress?

Answer 11

In response to stress, the hypothalamus activates 2 separate pathways.
1. Travels rom the hypothalamus to SNS to adrenal glands where hormones are secreted to take action
2. Travels from the hypoththalamus to the pituitary glands to the adrenal glands where ACTH is secreted to protect the body from injury.

Question 12

Where does Neurogenesis occur?

Answer 12

Formation of new neurons occurs in the hippocampus

Question 13

What are the characteristics of burnout?

Answer 13

1. High cynicism
2. Low energy level (exhaustion)
3. Low feeling of competence at work (lowered sense of self efficacy)

Question 14

There is a modest correlation between Type A personality and Coronary risk. What is the main attributions found between Type A and elevated incidence of heart disease?

Answer 14

Anger and hostility

Question 15

When does stress occur?

Answer 15

In circumstances that threaten well being and tax coping abilities

Question 16

What is the main influence on the experience of feeling stressed?

Answer 16

How a person appraises an event

Question 17

What type of stress is experiences when 2 or more incompatible motivations compete?

Answer 17

Internal conflict

Question 18

When you chronically unhappy and have a high level of neuroticism, how would you respond to situations ?

Answer 18

You are more likely to perceives events as stressful

Question 19

What type of stress is experienced when the pursuit of some goal is thwarted?

Answer 19

Frustration

Question 20

What type of stress is experienced when there are any substantial alterations in ones living circumstances that require adjustment ?

Answer 20

Change (adjustment)

Question 21

What type of stress is experienced when there is a mismatch between what we have to or wat to do and the time that is available ?

Answer 21

Pressure

Question 22

What occurs when a person is expected to behave is a certain way?

Answer 22

Pressure

Question 23

What does Vacillation refer to?

Answer 23

Indecisivensss, hesitations or wavering between choices or opinion. Is a state of being unable to comment to a decision or action.

Question 24

What stress factor is more strongly related to measures of mental health than scones on the social readjustment rating scale?

Answer 24

Pressure

Question 25

What brain areas appears to moderate stress?

Answer 25

Hypothalamus and SNS

Question 26

What physiological change is a consequence related to the release of catecholamines in the body?

Answer 26

Decrease in the rate of digestion

Question 27

What statement best describes the use of coping to deal with stressors?

Answer 27

It may be adaptive or maladaptive

Question 28

What term did Martin Seligman use to refer to passive behaviors produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events?

Answer 28

Learned helplessness

Question 29

Accorinding to the inverted U hypothesis, what is the effect of high arousal?

Answer 29

It its most beneficial to performance on relatively simple tasks.

Question 30

What occurs when the adrenal medulla is stimulated?

Answer 30

Large amounts of catecholamines are released into the blood stream.

Question 31

You have experiences major setbacks in life and no longer feels in control and you have become passive and apathetic. What would Martin Seligman say about what you are displaying?

Answer 31

Learned helplessness

Question 32

What defense mechanism involves protecting oneself from unpleasant reality by refusing to perceive or face it?

Answer 32

Denial of reality

Question 33

What contributes to Burnout?

Answer 33

1. Lack of social support 2. Inadequate recognition 3. Too much work that needs to be done

Question 34

What is the name for the trauma anxiety disorder that involves an enduring psychological disturbance attritbuted to the experience of a major traumatic event ?

Answer 34

PTSD

Question 35

What percentage of war veterans experience PSTD?

Answer 35

10 %

Question 36

What health concerns is associated with burnout?

Answer 36

Memory loss Heart disease Asthma Migraines Ulcers Arthritis

Question 37

What are components of burnout ?

Answer 37

Physical and emotional exhaustion Cynicism Low self-efficacy

Question 38

How can higher levels of stress make people more susceptible to disease?

Answer 38

By reducing levels of immune functioning

Question 39

The relationship is correlational and another variable (Ie personality) could inflate the correlation statement best describes the relationship between what 2 variables?

Answer 39

Stress and illness

Question 40

What percent of heart related deaths is attributed to CAD?

Answer 40

90%

Question 41

Which personality type might apply to someone who’s is hard driving, ambitious and impatient?

Answer 41

Type A

Question 42

Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman discovered a connection between and increased risk for CAD and a particular syndrome. What did they name that syndrome?

Answer 42

Type A personality

Question 43

How does major depression impact a person change of developing heart disease

Answer 43

It roughly doubles the chance.

Question 44

What is social support ?

Answer 44

The various types of aid and comfort provided by a reason friends and family

Question 45

Accorindg to many studies, what statement best describes the link between social supports and immune function ?

Answer 45

They are positively correlated variables

Question 46

What have various studies found about the relationship between options and overall physical health?

Answer 46

They are positively correlated

Question 47

Compared to pessimists, how do optimist function?

Answer 47

They cope with stress in more adaptive ways.

Question 48

Which of the big 5 personality trait has been most strongly linked to greater longevity and overall physical health ?

Answer 48

Conscientiousness

Question 49

How is HIV, the virus that causes AID, typically spread?

Answer 49

Through person to person contact involving the exchange of bodily fluids

Question 50

What is the average estimated life expectancy of a smoker vs a non smoker?

Answer 50

13-14 years shorter

Question 51

How many mins of moderate to vigorous physical activity does the WHO recommend?

Answer 51

150 mins a week

Question 52

What drug causes the greatest physical damage in the population ?

Answer 52

Alcohol

Question 53

In canada which group was a the highest risk for exposure to HIV?

Answer 53

Men who have sex with other men

Question 54

What do studies suggest about people who tend to report more symptoms if illness ?

Answer 54

They are high in anxiety and neuroticism

Question 55

Who has most actively investigated peoples reactions to illness and compliance with medical advice?

Answer 55

Robert DiMatteo

Question 56

What percent based on research is the rate of non adherence to medical advice?

Answer 56

30-50 %

Question 57

What is one reason that patients do not comply with the advice provided to them by their doctor?

Answer 57

They perceive treatment as difficult or aversive.

Question 58

What model let to more humane care and scientific investigation of mental disorders?

Answer 58

Medical model

Question 59

You drink alcohol regularly, and recently your drinking has affected your work. You are not concerned about your drinking but your boss is. What diagnostic criterion does Gillian use of alcohol meet?

Answer 59

Maladaptive behavior

Question 60

What is the major classification system for abnormal behavior?

Answer 60

Diagnostic and Statistical Managua’s for Mental Disorders.

Question 61

Approximately what percentage of Canadians will meet the diagnostic criteria for a mood disorder at some point in their life?

Answer 61

13%

Question 62

What involves distinguishing one illness from another?

Answer 62

Diagnosis

Question 63

What involves the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness ?

Answer 63

Etiology

Question 64

What is a forecast about the probable course of an illness?

Answer 64

Prognosis

Question 65

What are 3 criteria used by clinicians to make diagnoses?

Answer 65

1. Deviation from social norms 2. Impaired adaptation behavior 3. Reported personal distress

Question 66

What are the 3 stereotypes about psychological disorder that are largely inaccurate?

Answer 66

1. Psychological disorders are incurable 2. People with psychology disorders are often violent and dangerous. 3. People with psychological disorder behave in bizarre ways and are very different from normal people.

Question 67

How many diagnoses are included in the DSM?

Answer 67

Over 500

Question 68

What are the types of anxiety disorders?

Answer 68

1. Panic disorder 2. Phobia 3. Obsessive compulsive disorder 4. PTSD 5. Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 69

What disorder is defined by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific disorder?

Answer 69

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 70

What disorder is defined by persisten and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger?

Answer 70

Phobic disorder

Question 71

What disorder is defined by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly?

Answer 71

Panic disorder

Question 72

What condition is common complication of panic disorders?

Answer 72

Agoraphobia

Question 73

What is Agoraphobia ?

Answer 73

The fear of going out to public places.

Question 74

What disorder is defined as persistent, uncontrollable instrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless ritualistic ?

Answer 74

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 75

You wash your hands every hour. What would repetive handwashing represent ?

Answer 75

Compulsion

Question 76

Excessive anxiety can be reduced by altering the neurotransmitter activity at which synapses?

Answer 76

GABA

Question 77

What characterizes a class of disorders known as dissociative disorder?

Answer 77

A loss of contact with conscious or memory resulting in disruptions in the sense of identity.

Question 78

What is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting?

Answer 78

Dissociative amnesia

Question 79

What involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete and usually very different personalities?

Answer 79

Dissociative identity disorder

Question 80

What name was dissociative identity disorder previously known as ?

Answer 80

Multiple personality disorder

Question 81

Which disorder is most commonly associated with excessive stress?

Answer 81

Dissociative amnesia

Question 82

Which psychological disorders are characterized by a loss of contact with portions of consciousness or memory?

Answer 82

Dissociative Disorders

Question 83

What disorder has been associated with severe emotional trauma and childhood sexual abuse?

Answer 83

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Question 84

You have lost interest in your normal daily activities. You have gained 15 pounds and your sleep has been disturbed. You rarely go to your exercise class as you feel you have no energy. At work you have trouble concentrating and making decisions. What disorder are you likely suffering from?

Answer 84

Major Depressive Disorder

Question 85

What disorder most likely affects someone who chronically shows relatively minor symptoms of bipolar disorder?

Answer 85

Cyclothymic disorder

Question 86

Depression is linked to reduced hippocrampal volume describes what type of disorder?

Answer 86

Mood disorders

Question 87

What factors may contribute to the onset of depressive disorder?

Answer 87

1. Pessimistic explanatory a style 2. High stress 3. Low self esteem

Question 88

What two neurotransmitters have been implicated in mood disorders?

Answer 88

1. Norepinephrine 2. Serotonin

Question 89

According to Susan Nolan-Hoeksema, what tends to prolong and intensify depressive episodes in women?

Answer 89

Excessive rumination

Question 90

What kind of disturbance is associated with hallucinations ?

Answer 90

Perception

Question 91

What statement best describes schizophrenia ?

Answer 91

It refers to disturbed thought

Question 92

Accoring to Neurodevelopmental Hypotheses what are the factors for ones vulnerability to schizophrenia?

Answer 92

1. Maternal obstetrical complications 2. Prenatal viral infections 3. Poor maternal nutrition during prenatal period

Question 93

Which characteristic is common to the disorder that comprise the anxious/fearful cluster of personality disorders?

Answer 93

A fear of social rejection and problems with emotional expression.

Question 94

What best describes indivudal who have avoidant personality disorder?

Answer 94

They are excessively sensitive to potential rejection and tend to be socially withdrawn.

Question 95

Accorindg to the Canadian Mental Health Association, what % of children and youth in Canada suffer from psychological illnesses?

Answer 95

20 %

Question 96

What condition is considered a childhood disorder?

Answer 96

Autistic spectrum disorder

Question 97

Accorindg to the DSM-5, how is autistic spectrum disorder categorized?

Answer 97

Neurodevelopmental disorder

Question 98

What conditions is characterized by social and mental deficits as well as repetitive and stereotypical behaviors?

Answer 98

Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Question 99

What are 3 main deficits that children with ASD exhibit ?

Answer 99

1. Impairment in social interaction 2. Impairment in communication 3. Repetitive and stereotypical behaviors

Question 100

When was ASD first identified?

Answer 100

By Kanner in 1943

Question 101

What has been linked to the development of ADS ?

Answer 101

An excess of prefrontal neurons

Question 102

Children with ASD often repeat conversations that entry hear. What is this called?

Answer 102

Echolalia

Question 103

What is the legal term for someone who cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness?

Answer 103

Not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder

Question 104

What does the M’Naghten rule state?

Answer 104

Insanity exists when a mental disorder makes a person unable to distinguish right from wrong

Question 105

What did Lymburner and Roesch report about the success of the insanity defense ?

Answer 105

It is rarely successful

Question 106

What does a successful automatism verdict mean?

Answer 106

The defendant is not guilty and related without condition

Question 107

In legal setting, what was the original meaning of the term insanity?

Answer 107

Bot criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder

Question 108

What is the main arguement of theorists who embrace the relativistic view of psychological disorder?

Answer 108

Their are no universal standards of normality and abnormality