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A Biology > Unit Two - Biochemistry - Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Unit Two - Biochemistry - Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What is a similarity in most carbohydrate names?

A

-ose

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2
Q

What are the three common atoms in carbs?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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3
Q

What is the atom ratio in Carbs?

A

1:2:1

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4
Q

How do you mathematically find out the ratio of carbs?

A
  1. Formula - (CH₂O) N
  2. Divide by Oxygen

N - Number of carbons

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5
Q

What is the name of monomers in carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

What structure do all carbs have?

A

Ring Structure

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7
Q

Definition of Pentose (3)

Number of Carbons, Structure & Chemical Formula

A
  1. 5 carbons
  2. Pentagonal Structure
  3. C₅H₁₀O₅
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8
Q

What are two examples of pentose

A
  1. Ribose
  2. Deoxyribose
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9
Q

Definition of Ribose (4)

Type of Carb, Makes Up, Function & Formula

A
  1. Pentose Monosacchride
  2. Sugar in RNA
  3. Makes protein
  4. C₅H₁₀O₅
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10
Q

Definition of Deoxyribose (4)

Type of Carb, Makes Up, Function & Formula

A
  1. Pentose Monosacchride
  2. Sugar that makes up DNA nucleotide
  3. Genetic/Hereditary Material
  4. C₅H₁₀O₄

Difference of Deoxyribose and Ribose - oxygen is missing in DEOXYribose

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11
Q

Definition of Hexose (3)

Number of Carbons, Structure & Chemical Formula

A
  1. 6 Carbon
  2. Hexagonal Structure
  3. C₆H₁₂O₆
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12
Q

What is the main function of hexose carbs?

A

Immediate energy source

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13
Q

Properties of Hexose (3)

A
  1. Transported thru CM (small size)
  2. Reactant for Cellular Respiration
  3. Product of Photosynthesis
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14
Q

What are three examples of Hexose

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Galactose
  3. Fructose
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15
Q

Glucose (3)

Type of Carb, Produced, Function

A
  1. Hexose Monosaccharides
  2. Produced in photosynthesis
  3. Primary Hexose (plays several roles in biology)
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16
Q

Galactose (2)

A
  1. Monosaccharide
  2. Found in milk

In combonation with glucose to make lactose in milk

17
Q

Fructose (4)

Type of Carb, Structure & Properties

A
  1. Hexose Monosaccharide
  2. Pointed Tip in Molecular Structure
  3. Found in fruits
  4. Very sweet
18
Q

Definition of Isomers (3)

A
  1. Same Molecular Formula
  2. Diff. Structures
  3. Diff. Properties

Ex: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

19
Q

Definition of Disaccharides (3)

Definition, Formation & Digestion

A
  1. 2 Bonded Monosaccharides
  2. Formed by Dehydration Synthesis
  3. Digested through Hydrolysis
20
Q

Definition of Sucrose (2)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Glucose + Fructose
21
Q

Definition of Lactose (2)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Galactose + Glucose
22
Q

Definition of Maltose (3)

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Glucose + Glucose
  3. Seed Germination and Malt Bevarages
23
Q

Definition of Polysaccharide (3)

Definition, Formation & DIgestion

A
  1. Combo of Hundreds of Monosaccharides
  2. Formed by Dehydration Synthesis
  3. Digested by Hydrolysis
24
Q

What are three properties all polysaccharides have in common?

A
  1. Insoluble
  2. Can’t go thru CM (size)
  3. Most made of glucose monomers
25
What are the two types of polysaccharides?
1. Storage Polysaccharide 2. Structural Polysaccharide
26
Definition of Storage Polysacchrides
Store E for organisms Ex: Amylose (Starch) and Glycogen
27
Definition of Structural Polysaccharides
Provide structural support/strength to cells Ex: Cellulose and Chitin
28
Definition of Glycogen (5) | Type of Polysacchride, Found in, Function, Structure
1. Storage Polysaccharide 2. Found in liver and muscle 3. Increase blood sugar 4. By breaking down in glucose 5. Structure on Diagram - Branches Out
29
Definition of Starch (5) | Type of Polysacchride, Obtained, Function, Structure
1. Storage Polysaccharide 2. Obtained from plants 3. Breaks down into glucose 4. Body gains E 5. In diagrams, glucose monomers have straight bonds Also known as amalose
30
Definition of Insulin (3) | Definition, Location & Function
1. Hormone in Pancreas 2. Regulate blood sugar 3. Stores excess glucose as glycogen
31
Definition of Cellulose (3) | Type of Polysacchride, Function, Diagram Structure
1. Structural Polysaccharide 2. Builds plant cell walls 3. In diagrams, glucose monomers have diagonal bonds
32
Definition of Amylase (2)
1. Enzyme in mouth 2. Breaks amylose into glucose monomers
33
What is interesting about cellulose in the human body?
1. Not digestible because we do not have the enzyme that breaks it down 2. We ingest it because it cleans out our intestines
34
What is the Hydroxyl Group? (3) | Definition, Found In, Function
1. Oxygen bonded to hydrogen (OH) 2. Found in polar molecule such as alcohols & sugars 3. Site of Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis

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