Unit Eleven - Human Body - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(29 cards)
Function of Heart (4)
- Pump Blood Efficiently (Myocardium)
- Generates Electrical Impulses (Myogenic Activity)
- Respond to Nerve Signals (Intercalated Disc)
- Coordinating Contractions
Definition of Myogenic Activity (3)
- Heart’s ability to generate its own electrical impulses
- w/o external stimulation from the nervous system
- Means heart can beat on its own continuously
Definition of Atheroclerosis
Blockage of arterial walls bc cholesterol buildup
Definition of Embolism (3)
- Blood clot breaks away from origin
- Blockage in the Coronary Artery
- Causes a Heart Attack
What does aspirin do for the heart?
Reduces stickiness of platelets
Definition of Coronary Bypass (5)
- Type of Surgical Treatment
- Healthy Blood Vessel (from another part of body)
- One end stitched to Aorta
- Other end stitched past the blocked part of the heart artery
- Blood can bypass blockage & reach heart muscle
Definition of Stroke (2)
- Blood flow to brain is blocked
- Prevents O2 & Nutrients from reaching brain
What is blood made up of? (4)
- 55% Blood Plasma
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Platelets
Definition of Blood Plasma
- Mostly Water
- Nutrient
- Salts
- Respiratory Gases
- Hormones
- Proteins
- Waste Products
Definition of Red Blood Cells (3)
- Transports Oxygen
- No Nucleus (Anucleate)
- Contains Hemoglobin (Transport Protein that binds to O2)
Definition of Platelets
Clots Blood
What are the types of blood?
- A
- B
- AB
- O
Definition of Agglutinogens (4)
- Antigens trigger production of agglutinins, leading to agglutination
- Their presence or absence determines blood types
- Two types of agglutinogens: A & B
- Type of agglutinogen present determines type of agglutinin produced
Definition of Agglutinin (4)
- Antibodies that trigger Agglutination
- Two Types: Anti - A & Anti - B
- Produced when incompatible blood types are mixed
- To fight against the FOREIGN antigen (different type from our own)
Definition of Agglutination (3)
- When incompatible blood is received
- IS produces agglutinins to bind to foreign antigens
- Causes clumping of foreign RBC
What is Blood Type A? (Antigen, Antibody, Receive & Donate)
Antigen on RBC: A
Antibodies in Plasma: Anti - B
Can Receive Blood from: O & A
Can Donate Blood to: A & AB
What is Blood Type B? (Antigen, Antibody, Receive & Donate)
Antigen on RBC: B
Antibodies in Plasma: Anti - A
Can Receive Blood from: O & B
Can Donate Blood to: B & AB
What is Blood Type AB? (Antigen, Antibody, Receive & Donate)
Antigen on RBC: A & B
Antibodies in Plasma: None
Can Receive Blood from: O, A, AB & B
Can Donate Blood to: AB
UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
What is Blood Type O? (Antigen, Antibody, Receive & Donate)
Antigen on RBC: None
Antibodies in Plasma: Anti - A & Anti - B
Can Receive Blood from: O
Can Donate Blood to: O, A, AB & B
UNIVERSAL DONOR
Definition of Rh Factor
- Protein found on the surface of RBC
- Presence: Rh-positive; Absent: Rh-negative
- Anti - Rh only form in Rh - negative blood
What is the connection of the Rh factor to Pregnancy? (3)
- Rh-negative mother w/ Rh-positive fetus
- 1st pregnancy: Mother produces anti-Rh antibodies
- 2nd pregnancy: Antibodies attack
What is the conduction system of the heart? (8)
Causes/Controls/Regulates electrical impulses that trigger heart contractions
- SA Node in the right atrium sends out electrical impulse
- Electrical impulse spreads across Atria
- Causes contraction & pushes blood into Ventricle
- Impulse reaches the AV Node
- Slightly delays signal to let A empty before V contract
- Travels along the AV
- Impulses travels from ventricles to Purkinje Fibers
- Ventricles Contract
Definition of SA Node (4)
- Sinoatrial Node - Type of Nodal Tissue
- Generates/Conducts Electrical Impulses
- Fires impulse (Depolarization) every 0.85 seconds
- Serves as the Pacemaker
Definition of Depolarization (3)
- SA Node generates an electrical impulse
- By changing the charge across its CM
- Triggers Contraction of Heart Muscle
