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A Biology > Unit Eleven - Human Body - Circulatory System > Flashcards

Unit Eleven - Human Body - Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of the Circulatory System

A

Transport system of the body

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2
Q

Structure of Heart (2)

A
  1. Made up of Cardiac Muscle & Cardiac Cells
  2. Composed of Four Chambers
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3
Q

Definition of Myocardium (2)

A
  1. Cardiac Muscle
  2. Allows the heart to contract and pump blood
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4
Q

Definition of Cardiac Cell

A

Specialized muscle cells of the heart

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5
Q

Definition of Intercalated Disc (3)

A
  1. Link cardiac cells together
  2. Allow electrical signals to pass quickly between cells
  3. Ensuring synchronized contractions
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6
Q

What are the 4 Chambers & info on them? (4)

A
  1. R/L Atrium & R/L Ventricle
  2. L Atrium & L Ventricle contain oxygenated blood
  3. R Atrium & R Ventricle contain deoxygenated blood
  4. Right/Left Chambers are separated by a Septum
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7
Q

Definition of Atria

A

Upper Chambers of the Heart

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8
Q

Definition of Ventricle

A

Lower Chambers of the Heart

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9
Q

Definition of Left Atrium (3)

A
  1. Receives oxygenated blood
  2. Returns from lungs via pulmonary veins
  3. Passes to the left ventricle
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10
Q

Definition of Right Atrium (3)

A
  1. Collects deoxygenated blood
  2. From the Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
  3. Sends blood to the Right Ventricle
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11
Q

Definition of Right Ventricle (5)

A
  1. Collects deoxygenated blood
  2. From Right Atrium/Tricuspid Valve
  3. Pumps blood to the lungs
  4. Via the pulmonary artery
  5. Where blood gets O2 & releases CO2
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12
Q

Definition of Left Ventricle (3)

A
  1. Strongest muscular walls
  2. Generates Blood Pressure by contracting/pushing blood into arteries
  3. Pumps oxygenated blood via aorta
    (To the whole body!)
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13
Q

How does blood circulate through the heart chambers? (16)

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood enters RA via SVC & LVC
  2. Tricuspid Valve Opens, blood flows to RV
  3. Valve closes & RV contracts
  4. Pulm. Valve opens, blood flows to Pulm Artery
  5. Valve Closes, Pulm Artery pumps blood to lungs
  6. Blood is oxygenated and sheds CO2
  7. Ox blood flows thru Pulmonary Veins
  8. LA collects Ox blood from Pulm Veins
  9. Bicuspid Valve Opens, blood flows to LV
  10. Valve Closes & LV contracts
  11. Aortic Valve Opens, blood flows to Aorta (to body!)
    12.Aorta Blood Vessels turn to Capillaries
  12. O2 diffusion occurs from Cap to Cells
  13. Cap. collect CO2 & turn to Veins
  14. Veins become SVC/LVC
  15. Deoxygenated blood enters RA via SVC & LVC
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14
Q

Definition of Valve (4)

A
  1. Opening/Closings of Flaps/Pathways
  2. Located between the atria, ventricles and arteries
  3. Ensures blood flows in the correct direction
  4. Flap closes to prevent the backflow of blood
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15
Q

Definition of Atrioventricular Valve (2)

A
  1. Located between the atria & ventricle chambers
  2. Made up of Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve & Tricuspid Valve
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16
Q

Definition of Bicuspid (4)

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A
  1. Part of the Atrioventricular Valve
  2. Located in between Left Atrium & Left Ventricle
  3. Blood flow - L Atrium -> Bicuspid -> L Ventricle
  4. Prevents backflow of blood to L Atrium
17
Q

Definition of Tricuspid

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A
  1. Part of the Atrioventricular Valve
  2. Located in between Right Atrium & Right Ventricle
  3. Blood flow - R Atrium -> Bicuspid -> R Ventricle
  4. Prevents backflow of blood to R Atrium
18
Q

Definition of Semilunar (3)

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A
  1. Shaped like a half-moon
  2. Contains two semilunar valves
  3. Pulmonary Valve & Aortic Valve
19
Q

Definition of Pulmonary Valve (4)

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A
  1. Semilunar Valve
  2. Between R Ventricle & Pulmonary Artery
  3. Blood Flow: RV -> PV -> PA
  4. Prevents backflow towards the R Ventricle
20
Q

Definition of Aortic Valve (4)

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A
  1. Semilunar Valve
  2. Between L Ventricle & Aorta
  3. Blood Flow: LV -> AV -> Aorta
  4. Prevents backflow towards the L Ventricle
21
Q

What are three types of blood vessels?

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A
  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries
22
Q

Definition of Arteries (3)

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A
  1. Carries oxygenated blood
  2. Away from heart -> body cells
  3. Has thick, muscular walls (withstand pressure of pumping)
23
Q

Definition of Veins (5)

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A
  1. Carries deoxygenated blood
  2. Away from body cells back to heart
  3. Contains thin walls
  4. Veins contain valves to push blood
  5. bc of low blood velocity/pressure
24
Q

Definition of Capillaries (4)

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A
  1. Smallest/Thinnest Blood Vessels (One Cell Thick)
  2. Connect Arteries to Veins
  3. Diffusion to Cells Occurs
  4. Facilitate exchange of reactants & wastes
25
How does blood circulate between capillaries, veins and arteries?
From Heart -> Artery -> Capillary -> Vein -> To Heart
26
What are the four major blood vessels of the heart?
1. Superior Vena Cava/Inferior Vena Cava 2. Pulmonary Artery 3. Pulmonary Valve 4. Aorta
27
Definition of Superior Vena Cava (3)
1. Major Blood Vessel 2. Transports Deoxygenated Blood 3. From Upper Half to Right Atrium
28
Definition of Inferior Vena Cava (3)
1. Major Blood Vessel 2. Transports deoxygenated blood 3. From lower half to right atrium
29
Definition of Pulmonary Artery (3)
1. Major Blood Vessel 2. Transports Deoxygenated Blood 3. From Right Atrium to Lung
30
Definition of Pulmonary Valve
1. Major Blood Vessel 2. Transports Oxygenated Blood 3. From Lungs to Left Atrium
31
Definition of Aorta (3)
1. Major Blood Vessel 2. Transports Oxygenated Blood 3. Leaves Heart
32
What are the three Circulation Pathways?
1. Pulmonary Circulation 2. Systemic Circulation 3. Coronary Circulation
33
Definition of Pulmonary Circulation (2/8)
1. Circulation Pathway 2. Deox blood flows Heart -> Lungs -> Heart 1. Deoxygenated blood enters RA via SVC & LVC 2. Tricuspid Valve Opens, blood flows to RV 3. Valve closes & RV contracts 4. Blood flows thru Pulm. Valve to lungs 5. Blood is oxygenated & sheds CO2 6. Oxygenated blood flows thru Pulmonary Veins 7. LA collects & passes oxygenated blood to LV 8. LV contracts & pumps blood thru Aorta
34
Definition of Systemic Circulation (2/9)
1. Circulation Pathway 2. Oxygenated Blood flows Heart -> Body 1. Oxygenated blood flows thru Pulmonary Veins 2. LA collects oxygenated blood 3. Bicuspid valve opens, blood flows to LV 4. LV contracts & pumps blood thru Aorta 5. Aorta Blood Vessels turn to Capillaries 6. O2 diffusion occurs from Cap to Cells 7. Cap. collect CO2 & turn to Veins 8. Veins become SVC/LVC 9. Deoxygenated blood enters RA via SVC & LVC
35
Definition of Coronary Circulation (3/4)
1. Circulation Pathway 2. Heart -> Heart Muscle 3. Ensures it receives O2 & Nutrients itself to function 1. Ox blood flows from Aorta -> Coronary Artery 2. Ox blood flows from CA -> Heart Muscle 3. Deox blood flows from Muscle -> Coronary Vein 4. Deox blood flows from CV -> LV

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