Unit Six - Mitosis & Meiosis - Mitosis

Question 1

What is Mitosis? (3)

Answer 1

1. Process: Cell division
2. Result: 2 identical daughter cells from single parent cell
3. Essential: Growth, Development & Tissue Repair

Question 2

What are the Stages of Mitosis? (5)

Answer 2

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
5. Cytokinesis

Question 3

What’s Prophase? (4)

Answer 3

1. Chromatin condenses to visible chromosomes
2. Nuclear Membrane disintegrates
3. Spindle fibers form
4. Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell

Question 4

What’s Metaphase? (2)

Answer 4

1. Chromosomes line up in the middle on the metaphase plate
2. Spindle Fibers attach to centromeres

Question 5

What’s Anaphase? (2)

Answer 5

1. Sister Chromatids are pulled apart by SF
2. Move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 6

What’s Telophase? (3)

Answer 6

1. Chromosomes reached the centrioles on the opposite poles
2. Nuclear Membrane reforms
3. Chromosomes decondense into chromatin

Question 7

What’s Cytokinesis?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm divides, forming 2 daughter cells

Question 8

How’s Cytokinesis different between animal cells and plant cells?

Answer 8

Animal Cells - Pinches in w/ actin contractile filament
Plant Cells - Vesicles join in center cell w/ cell wall material to form cell plate

Question 9

What’s an allele?

Answer 9

Several Versions of a Specific Gene

Question 10

What’s a centrosome? (2)

Answer 10

1. Organelle in Animal Cells
2. Produces Spindle Fibers

Question 11

What’s a centromere? (3)

Answer 11

1. Region of DNA
2. Binds chromosomes together
3. Point of intersection/center of chromosomes

Question 12

What’s a chromatid?

Answer 12

1/2 chromosome

Question 13

What’s chromatin? (2)

Answer 13

1. Material that makes up chromosomes
2. Uncondensed form of chromosomes

Question 14

What’s a diploid?

Answer 14

Cell has 2 copies of each chromosome (full set)
(23 pairs/homologous chromosomes, 46 chromosomes)

Question 15

What’s a haploid?

Answer 15

Cell only has 1 copy of each chromosome
(23 chromosomes, found in sex cells)

Question 16

What’s a gene? (2)

Answer 16

1. Code on DNA
2. Determines which protein will be synthesized

Question 17

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 17

Same size, shape & genes but may have diff. alleles

Question 18

What are sisters?

Answer 18

Identical Chromosomes

Question 19

What are spindle fibers? (3)

Answer 19

1. Microtubules
2. Produced by centrosomes
3. Pull sister chromatids apart in mitosis.

Question 20

Why did the chromatin need to condense?

Answer 20

Less likely to break/tangle in mitosis

Question 21

Why did the nuclear membrane disintegrate in prophase? (2)

Answer 21

1. Acts as barrier between nucleus & cytoplasm
2. Allows free movement of chromosomes, centrioles and Spindle Fibers in the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 22

What are the 4 steps of the cell cycle?

Answer 22

1. G1 (Growth)
2. S (Synthesis)
3. G2 (Growth)
4. Mitosis

Question 23

What is Interphase? (2)

Answer 23

1. Phase in Cell Cycle
2. Preps cell for mitosis

Question 24

What is the G1 Phase? (4)

Answer 24

1. Makes more organelles
2. Increases in size
3. Protein Synthesis
4. Checkpoint at the end of G1

Question 25

What is the S phase?

Answer 25

Chromosomes are duplicated, forming sister chromatids

Question 26

What is the G2 phase? (4)

Answer 26

1. Makes more organelles 2. Increase in size 3. Protein Synthesis 4. Checkpoint at the end of G2

Question 27

What is the G0 phase? (3) | AKA, Definition, Result

Answer 27

1. Resting Phase 2. Period of inactivity with no division 3. Helps maintain homeostasis

Question 28

Why are cells so small? (4)

Answer 28

1. Cells want to have a larger SA:V 2. Decreases time for materials to diffuse 3. V increases faster than SA in cell growth, forming a small SA:V ratio 4. Cells divide to stop getting larger & get a large SA:V ratio (purpose of mitosis)

Question 29

What's the difference between a centriole and centrosome?

Answer 29

Centrosome is the organelle that contains a pair of centrioles

Question 30

What are 4 reasons why cells divide?

Answer 30

1. Maintain Large SA:V 2. Allow absorption of nutrients 3. Allows removal of waste 4. Allows exchange of gases (2-4 are the result of #1)

Question 31

Definition of Asexual Reproduction (2)

Answer 31

1. Single Parent Cell 2. Offspring is genetically identical (no variation)

Question 32

What are a few types of asexual reproduction? (4)

Answer 32

1. Binary Fission 2. Budding 3. Vegetative Propagation/Cutting 4. Grafting

Question 33

Definition of Binary Fission (4)

Answer 33

1. Occurs in bacteria 2. Type of Asexual Reproduction 3. Contains only one chromosome 4. No nuclear division occurs (bacteria have no nucleus, only cytokenesis)

Question 34

Definition of Budding (4)

Answer 34

1. Type of Asexual Reproduction 2. Bud forms on parent organism 3. Unequal Division/Not same size as parent 4. Genetically Identical to Parent

Question 35

Definition of Vegetative Propagation (3)

Answer 35

1. Type of Asexual Reproduction 2. Occurs in Plants 3. Parts of parent plant grows new plants

Question 36

Definition of Grafting (3)

Answer 36

1. Type of Asexual Reproduction 2. Occurs in Plants 3. Part of a plant attaches to another plant to form a new plant