Urinary

Question 1

Kidneys secrete renin, what does that secrete

Answer 1

Angiotensin 2

Question 2

How is NH3 produced

Answer 2

Delamination of amino acids

Question 3

What is NH3 converted to in liver

Answer 3

Urea, uric acid and creatinine

Question 4

Kidneys are inside or outside peritoneal cavity

Answer 4

Outside (retroperitoneal)

Question 5

Kidney coverings

Answer 5

Renal fascia, perirenal fat capsule, fibrous capsule

Question 6

How much blood does kidneys filter

Answer 6

180 L

Question 7

What is the glomerulus

Answer 7

A capillary bed

Question 8

Renal tubules

Answer 8

PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct

Question 9

PCT histology and function

Answer 9

Simple cuboidal with microvilli, réabsorption

Question 10

Nephron loop

Answer 10

Descending and ascending limbs, thin and thick segment

Question 11

Thin segment permeable to

Answer 11

Water NOT salts

Question 12

Thick segment permeable to

Answer 12

salt NOT water

Question 13

Collecting duct role

Answer 13

Receives fluid from DCT and concentration of urine

Question 14

Cortical nephrons

Answer 14

Short loops

Question 15

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 15

Long loops responsible for creating salt gradient

Question 16

Steps of urine formation

Answer 16

Glomerular filtration, tubular réabsorption and secretion and water conservation

Question 17

Filtration membrane has 3 barriers

Answer 17

Fenestrated endothelium of capillary, basement membrane, filtration slits between podocytes

Question 18

Arterial end net filtration pressure?

Answer 18

10 mmHg

Question 19

150 L filtrate - male or female

Answer 19

Female

Question 20

If GFR too high

Answer 20

Dehydration occurs

Question 21

GFR too low

Answer 21

High BP

Question 22

Granule cells secrete

Answer 22

Renin (to increase BP)

Question 23

Macula densa

Answer 23

Group of cells on the nephron loop that monitor filtrate composition

Question 24

Order of arteries from renal artery

Answer 24

Renal a. Segmental a. Interlobar a. Arcuate a. Cortical radiate a. Afferent a.

Question 25

3 capillary beds

Answer 25

Glomerulus, vasa recta and peritubular capillaries

Question 26

RAAAS system

Answer 26

Renin aldosterone angiotensin ADH system

Question 27

Avg pH of urine

Answer 27

6

Question 28

Aldosterone targets and effects

Answer 28

Nephron loop, DCT, CD Keep salt dump potassium

Question 29

Angiotensin 2 target and effects

Answer 29

Afferent/efferent arterioles, PCT Constricts blood vessels, keep salt and keep water

Question 30

ADH target and effects

Answer 30

CD Conserves water, increases concentration of urine

Question 31

Reabsorption occurs at

Answer 31

PCT

Question 32

secretion occurs at

Answer 32

DCT

Question 33

Ascending limb sends _____ out

Answer 33

Salt

Question 34

Descending limb sends _______ out

Answer 34

Water using active transport

Question 35

High GFR means what for BP?

Answer 35

Low BP

Question 36

Low GFR mean what’s for BP

Answer 36

High BP

Question 37

More water reabsorbed into blood means ______ urine

Answer 37

More concentrated urine, darker, less urine produced

Question 38

Less water reabsorbed into blood means _____ urine

Answer 38

Less concentrated, lighter, more urine produced

Question 39

Is the skeletal external urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary

Answer 39

Voluntary