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Uses Flashcards

1
Q

Which class of drug is drug of choice for prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis

A

DOAC

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2
Q

Which drug is drug of choice for prophylaxis of thrombosis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation

A

DOAC

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3
Q

Which drug is drug of choice for Deep Vein Thrombosis

A

Low molecular weight Heparin

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4
Q

Which drug is drug of choice for prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation with mechanical valve

A

Warfarin

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5
Q

Antidote:Dabigatran

A

Idarucizumab

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6
Q

Antidote:Oral Xa inhibitor

A

Andexanet alfa

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7
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibtors are used in

A

Type 2 DM
Hypertension
Cardiac disease
(Delay the onset)

Reduce post prandial hyperglycemia
(Delay digestion of carbohydrates)

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8
Q

Drugs which are GLP 1 agonists

A

Exendin-4
Exenatide
Lixisenatide

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9
Q

Drugs which are GLP 1 analogues

A

Liraglutide
Semaglutide
Albiglutide
Dulaglutide

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10
Q

Uses of GLP 1 analogues

A

Maintenance in DM 2

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11
Q

Drugs which are GLP 2 analogue

A

Tedaglutide

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12
Q

Use of teduglutide

A

Short Bowel Syndrome
(Decrease gastric emptying)

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13
Q

Gliptins can be used in combination with (4)

A

Sulfonylureas
Metmorfin
TZDs
Insulin

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14
Q

Amylin analogue

A

Type 1 and 2 DM
(Decrease post prandial hyperglycemia)

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15
Q

Use of short acting insulin? (3)

A

Mimic prandial relase of insulin and control post prandial hyperglycemia

Swift correction of elevated glucose

Conjuction with basal insulin to correct fasting glucose

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16
Q

Intermidiate acting (2)

A

Type 1 and 2 DM: Basal control
Conjuction with short acting for Meal time control

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17
Q

Long acting

A

Basal control

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18
Q

IV regular Insulin (2)

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Hyperkalemia

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19
Q

Pramlintide
(2)

A

Supplement meal time insulin injection in Type 1 and 2 DM
Additional: reduce Body weight

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20
Q

Uses of Meglitinides

A

Post prandial hyperglycemia

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21
Q

Metformin (Biguanides)
(5)

A

Insulin Resistance in DM
PCOS
Obese patients
Metabolic Syndrome
NAFLD

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22
Q

Pioglitazone
(Thiazolidinediones)

A

2nd/3rd line for Type 2 DM
High-risk hypoglycemic patients
Monotherapy or combination when 1st line contraindicated

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23
Q

Which thiazolidinediones are banned and why?

A

Roziglitazone for myocardial infarctiob
Troglitazone for hepatotoxicity

24
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors
Heart Kidney disease Weight

A

DM 2 treatment
(Combination)

Reduce CVS events

Decrease risk of ESRD
Diabetic nephropathy and albuminuria

Weight loss

25
Growth Hormone
Uses 1. Length Gestational Age baby: SMALL Children: growth failure Adults: Replacement DWARFISM NOONAN PRADER WILLI TURNER 2. MASS->AIDS Wasting (Cachexia) 3.GIT MALABSORPTION →Short Bowel Syndrome 4. RENAL → CHRONIC RENAL insufficiency 5.Anti-Ageing (Off-label) atheletes old individuals
26
Growth hormone GH GIT Tumors Diagnosis Specfic Adrenal Gland Specific
ACROMEGALY SECRETORY DIARRHEA FLUSHING episodes OESOPHAGEAL Varices bleeding (Acute) CARCINOID SOMATOSTATINOMA GRFoma VIPoma Glucagonoma Thyrotroph adenoma (Octeroide) Carcinoid tumor Pituitary adenoma (Paserotide) CUSHING'S DISEASE (Decrease ACTH)
27
Which drug is used for induction of ovulation in PCOS
Urofollitropin
28
Gonadotropins
1.Infertility: Ovulation 2. Amenorrhea
29
Which drug is used intanasally for supression of endogenous FSH and LH so that external controlled Gonadotropins can be used
Nafarelin
30
Docusates
It is a mild laxative; especially indicated when straining at stools must be avoided.
31
Sodium picosulfate has been used Along with which drug has been used to evacuate the colon for colonoscopy and colonic surgery.
mag. citrate solution
32
In combination products with a with which drug is Senna it is useful in treating opioid-induced constipation
docusate-containing stool softener,
33
Prucalopride
Colonic transit and stool frequency is improved in constipation-predominant IBS. the treatment of chronic constipation in women, when other laxatives fail to provide adequate relief
34
Lubiprostone when and diseases
recommended only in patients who have not improved adequately by other measures, including laxatives of at least two classes. constipation- predominant IBS and in idiopathic chronic constipation.
35
Saline Purgatives
However, they may be employed when constipation is to be relieved urgently and for preparation of bowel before surgery, colonoscopy; in food/drug poisoning and as after-purge in the treatment of tapeworm infestation.
36
Lactitol
Lactitol is indicated as an alternative to lactulose for the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
37
Laxatives indications
Functional constipation Constipation is infre quent production of hard stools requiring straining to pass, or a sense of incomplete evacuation. Bedridden patients (myocardial infarction, stroke, fractures, postoperative): bowel movement may be sluggish and constipation can be anticipated. To avoid straining at stools (hernia, cardio vascular disease, eye surgery) and in perianal afflictions (piles, fissure, anal surgery) it is essential to keep the faeces soft. One should not hesitate to use adequate dose of a bulk forming agent, lactulose or docusates. Preparation of bowel for surgery, colono scopy, abdominal Xray The bowel needs to be emptied of the contents including gas. Saline purgative, bisacodyl or senna may be used. 5. After certain anthelmintics (especially for tapeworm) Saline purgative or senna may be used to flush out the worm and the antihelmintic drug. Fixed dose combinations of an anthelmintic (other than piperazine) with a purgative is banned in India, as are laxatives with enzyme preparations. 6. Food/drug poisoning The idea is to drive out the unabsorbed irritant/poisonous material from the intestines. Only saline purgatives are satisfactory.
38
Dicyclomine
prophylaxis of motion sickness and for morning sickness
39
Combination of these antihistaminics with other antiemetics has been used in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
Promethazine, diphenhydramine, dimenhydri- nate
40
By their central anticholinergic action they block the extrapyramidal side effects of metoclopramide while supplementing its antiemetic action. Which drugs supplement metoclorpramide?
Promethazine, diphenhydramine, dimenhydri- nate
41
it is specifi- cally promoted in India for ‘morning sickness’ (vomiting of early pregnancy),
doxylamine + pyridoxine
42
Which drug is used for vertigo by inhibiting Calcium influx from endolymph into the vestibular sensory cells which mediates labyrinthine reflexes.
Cinnarizine
43
What protects against sea sickness for nearly 24 hours.
Meclizine
44
NEUROLEPTICS
(a) Drug induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). (b) Disease induced vomiting: gastroenteritis, uraemia, liver disease, migraine, etc. (c) Malignancy associated and cancer chemothe- rapy (mildly emetogenic) induced vomiting. (d) Radiation sickness vomiting (less effective). (e) Morning sickness: should not be used except in hyperemesis gravidarum
45
Metoclorpramide
Anti-emetic:postoperative, drug induced, disease associated (especially migraine), radiation sickness, prophylaxis and treatment of vomiting induced by emetogenic anticancer drugs (cisplatin, etc.). Gastrokinetic: To accelerate gastric emptying: (a) When emergency general anaesthesia has to be given and the patient has taken food less than 4 hours before. (b) To relieve postvagotomy or diabetic gastro- paresis associated gastric stasis. Dyspepsia and other functional g.i. dis- orders: symptomatic relief may obtained. Metoclopramide may succeed in stopping persistent hiccups. 4. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Metoclopramide may benefit milder cases of GERD, but is much less effective than PPIs/H2 blockers
46
Domperidone
antiemetic for mild-to-moderate cases of postoperative, drug and disease induced nausea and vomiting
47
Mosapride
Nonulcer dyspepsia, diabetic gastroparesis, GERD (as adjuvant to PPIs), and some cases of chronic constipation.
48
it is more effective in suppressing delayed vomiting occur- ring between 2nd to 5th days, probably because of its longer duration of action (elimination t½ is 40 hours). It is the only drug of this class approved by US-FDA for delayed CINV. Moreover, antiemetic efficacy is maintained during repeat cycles of chemotherapy.
Palonosetron
49
Oral aprepitant (125 mg + 80 mg + 80 mg over 3 days) combined with standard i.v. ondansetron + dexamethasone regimen significantly enhanced the antiemetic efficacy to protect upto 90% patients against
high emetogenic cisplatin based chemotherapy.
50
Delayed onset CINV
Aprepitant
51
given before chemotherapy as adjuvant to metoclopramide or ondansetron, help by relieving the psychogenic component, anticipatory vomiting and produce amnesia for the unpleasant procedure. 2. They also suppress the dystonic side effects of metoclopramide.
.Benzodiazepines
52
it can be used as an alterna- tive antiemetic for moderately emetogenic chemotherapy in patients who cannot tolerate other antiemetics or are unresponsive to them. 2. It has been used in lower doses to improve feeding in cachectic/AIDS patients.
Dronabinol
53
Ramosetron
diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
54
Macrolides are used as prokinetics for
Diabetic Gastroparesis Pseudo Obstruction
55
Flligrastim
Neutropenia due to myelodysplasia, aplastic anemia, HIV, chemotherapy
56
is still the preferred anticoagulant, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery ?
high dose UFH

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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