Uworld + NBME Flashcards
(313 cards)
1
Q
Type 1,2,4 RTA:
Describe urine pH
A
1: distal, above 5.5
2: proximal, below 5.5
4: below 5.5
2
Q
Which of the RTA’s is associated with high potassium?
A
Type 4
3
Q
Causes of Type 1,2,4 RTA
A
1: poor H+ secretion
2: poor bicarb resorption
3: aldo resistance
(1= H+1, 2= BI)
4
Q
What syndrome is most commonly associated with Type 2/ proximal RTA
A
Fanconis Anemia
5
Q
What disorders may be associated with RTA 1?
A
Autoimmune: Sjogrens, Rheumatoid
6
Q
Most common presentation RTA
A
- FTT
- low bicarb/ normal anion gap acidosis
7
Q
Sun screen guidelines:
A
SPF 15-30 or higher
apply 30 mins before exposure
reapply every 2 hours
8
Q
Diagnosis associated with:
- recurrent sinopulmonary infection
- absent lymph tissue
- low immunoglobulins
A
Brutons Agammaglobulinemia
9
Q
Pnuemocystis pneumonia in a baby is suggestive of
A
HIV infection
10
Q
Diagnosis associated with:
- profound lymphopenia
- recurrent infection
- failure to thrive
A
ADA deficiency (SCID)
11
Q
Recurrent severe infection with staph, serratia, aspergillus is assc with with condition?
A
Chronic granulomatous disease
impaired phagocytosis
12
Q
Niemann Pick vs Tay Sachs enzyme deficiencies :
+ inheritance pattern, age of onset
A
- Niemann Pick: sphingomyelinase
- Tay Sachs: hexosaminadase
both are AR, onset at 2-6 months
13
Q
Symptoms assc with both tay sachs and neimann pick
A
- hypotonia
- failure to thrive
- cherry red macula
14
Q
How are neimann pick and tay sachs distginuished?
A
- tay sachs: no HSM, hyperreflexia
- neimann pick: HSM, areflexia
15
Q
On imaging, where are trachea and esophagus located?
A
-front: trachea
-behind: esophagus
(on lateral view)
16
Q
C1 inhibitor deficiency is assc with what condition?
A
Hereditary angioedema
17
Q
Gold standard for diagnosis of muscular dystrophy
A
genetic testing, not muscular biopsy.
18
Q
Do health departments track vaccine refusal?
A
no
19
Q
Cause of strokes in kiddos
A
Sickle Cell Anemia
20
Q
Condition most commonly predisposing to orbital cellulitis
A
bacterial sinusitis
21
Q
DOC for px in cat bites?
Most common bacteria assc?
A
- amox/clauvulanate
- pasteurella multocida (anaerobe)
22
Q
Diagnosis assc with: hematemesis hypotensive shock anion gab acidosis gastric scarring radiopaque substances in abdomen
A
iron poisoning
23
Q
Treatment for iron to
A
deferoxamine
24
Q
Tinnitus
fever
tachypnea
acidosis
cause
A
aspirin tox
25
Whole body convulsions + umbilical stump infection:
| diagnsosis
tetanus
26
Dihydrorhadamine + nitroblue tetrazolium tests are used to diagnose what condition?
CGD
27
Treatment for cat scratch disease
azithro
28
Contrast TB and CSD adenitis
TB adenitis is nontender
29
Bacteria in dog/ cat mouths causing cellulitis
p. multocida
30
What animals carry salmonella?
| What is the presentation of salmonella?
reptiles/ turtles
| enteritis/mesenteric adenitis
31
Common causes of acute lymphadenitis
- staph aureus
| - strep pyo
32
Treatment of radial head subluxation
hyperpronation of forearm
33
Describe tennis elbow
- lateral epicondylitis
| - caused by excessive extensor use
34
Describe golfers elbow
-medial epicondylitis
35
What is Panner disease?
osteochondritis of the capitellum
| loss of pronation/supination
36
Treatment for tinea corporis
(Ringworm)
| clotrimazole
37
Congenital rubella findings
- sensorineural hearing loss
- cataracts
- PDA
38
Congenital toxo findings
- chorioretinitis
- hydrocephalus
- intracranial calcifications
39
Congeital varicella findings
- scarring
- limb hypoplasia
- cataracts
40
Signs of deliberate scald injury
- sparing of the flexor surfaces
- lack of splash marks
- sharp line of demarcation
41
When is significant microcytosis seen in iron deficiency anemia?
When Hct drops well below 30
42
Treatment with what vitamin improves measles
Vitamin A
43
Most common cause of vaginal bleeding in the neonate
Maternal withdrawl of estrogen
44
Neonatal chlamydia effects
- conjunctivitis
| - pneumonia
45
Ddx excess testosterone + low LH in boys
- CAH
| - exogeneous use (not in younger kiddos!)
46
Signs of viral vs strep pharyngitis
- viral: cough, rhinorrhea, ulcers, conjunctivitis
| - bacterial: exudates, edema, no viral symptoms
47
Treatment of strep pharyngitis
- amox
| - penicillin
48
Symptoms of galactokinase deficiency
-cataracts only
49
Symptoms of galactosemia (G1PUTD def)
- FTT
- hepatomegaly
- jerky movements
- cataracts
50
Most common cardiac defect in trisomy 18
VSD
51
Karyotype assc with Kallmans
46 XX
52
Treatment of neonates with Hep B exposure
HepB IVIG + Vaccination
53
Common manifestation of chronic constipation
anal fissures
54
How does constipation cause bladder infections?
urinary retention
55
Frequent UTIs + parenchymal scarring suggests ____.
vesicoureteral reflux
56
Definition of precocious puberty in girls
puberty before age 8
57
Mass causing precocious puberty in girls
granulosa cell tumor
58
Pathogenesis SCID
ADA def --> T cell failure --> B cell dysfxn
59
Treatment of SCID
stem cell transplant
60
Butthole excoriations=
helminth- pinworms-vermicularis
61
Cause of noninfectious hydrocephalus in low birth weight baby
IVH
62
Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis
ORAL erythromycin
63
Most common symptom assc with sickle cell trait
painless hematuria
64
CD19 cells are what type? CD3 cells are what type?
CD19- B cells
| CD3- T cells
65
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency symptoms
- skin infections without pus, poor wound healing
- delayed cord separation
- ^^^neutrophils
66
Treatment of tourettes
- Antipsychotics
| - A receptor agonists
67
CGD:
- inheritance pattern
- assc infections
- XR
| - catalase + organisms: staph, serratia, burkholderia, aspergillus
68
Most common heart defect seen in Downs
-Complete atrioventricular septal defect
69
Life threatening GI condition in neonates with VLBW
necrotizing enterocolitis
70
Abdominal xray finding in NEC
- visible air in bowel wall
| - portal venous air (pneumatosis intestinalis)
71
Afebrile bone pain in SCA cause:
-osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis)
72
Reyes Syndrome histo findings
-microvesicular fatty infiltration of the liver
73
3 bugs patients with SCA are susceptible to
s. pneumo
Neisseria
h flu
74
Jaundice type assc with breast milk jaundice
indirect
| within 2 weeks of birth
75
Biliary jaundice type
direct
| within 8 weeks of birth
76
Von Gierkes assc enzyme + metabolic findings
Glucose 6 Phosphatase
- low gluc
- lactic acidosis
- hyperuricemia
- hyperlipidemia
77
Ocular trachoma findings
- neovascularization
| - follicular conjunctivitis
78
Cause of anemia with ^ LDH in SCA
extravascular hemolysis
79
Primary ciliary dyskinesia:
- mutation in ?
- low nasal ?
dynein
| nitrous oxide
80
Contraindications to breast feeding (maternal)
- street drugs
- HIV
- active TB (until 2 weeks antiTB therapy)
- herpetic lesions
- varicella infection 5 days before- 2 days after delivery
- chemo/radiation
81
Breast feeding reduces maternal risks of which cancers?
- breast
| - ovarian
82
Contraindications to breast feeding (neonatal)
galactosemia
83
In addition to improved immunity, how does breast feeding benefit baby?
- improved GI function
| - decreased risk cancer, DM1, NEC
84
Most common cause of osteomyelitis
staph aureus
85
Cause of osteomyelitis in:
SCA
prosthetic devices
SCA: salmonella
Prosthetics: staph epi
86
Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia
Beefy red tongue
=deficiency of ?
niacin
87
Wernickes cause
B1, thiamine deficiency
88
dermatitis
high homocysteine levels
stomatitis
cause?
B6 deficiency, pyridoxine
89
Absence seizures are assc with what psych condition?
ADHD
90
Cardiac rhabdomyoma + renal angiomyolipomas are assc with?
TS
91
Cataplexy is assc with _____
narcolepsy
92
Tourettes syndrome is assc with what other psych condition?
OCD
93
Optic Gliomas are assc with what syndrome?
NF 1
| +café au lait; neurofibromas
94
Most common GI anomaly
Meckels diverticulum
95
Drug assc with rash in mononucleiosis
amoxicillin
96
Thymus location in neonate on CXR
Rt sided, triangular
97
Cause of edema in Turners syndrome
dysgenesis of the lymphatic network
98
Contrast syncope and seizure
```
Syncope= immediate return to consciousness
Seizure= delayed return to baseline consciousness
```
99
Contrast measles and rubella
measles= high fever, usually over 104, takes several days to spread
rubella= rash spreads 1 day, lower fever
*both spare hands, feet*
100
Location of adenopathy in measles vs rubella
measles- cervical adenopathy
| rubella- posterior auricular, suboccipital adenopathy
101
Describe disseminated gonococcal presentation
- rash (vesiculopustular race sparing face)
- fever
- polyarthralgias
102
Describe RMSF rash
-wrists ankles ----> centripetal spread
103
Secondary syphilis rash
-full body including palms and soles
104
Rash assc with varicella
-vesicular, appears in successive crops
105
Symptoms assc with Celiacs
- weight loss
- IDA
- dermatitis herpetiformis
106
Describe appearance of dermatitis herpetiformis in celiacs
vesicular rash on extensor surfaces
107
Risk factors for celiacs
- family hx
- autoimmune disease (DM1, thyroiditis)
- IgA deficiency
- Down Syndrome
108
Abrupt onset changes in mood, bedwetting, academic difficulties = must rule out
abuse
109
Chronic stridor in an infant is termed
laryngomalacia
110
How is laryngomalacia diagnosed? treated?
laryngoscopy, will spontaneously resolve within 18 months
111
Most common primary immune deficiency?
| Causes anaphylactic reaction to ....?
Selective IgA deficiency
| Blood products
112
Most common cause of hip pain in children?
| PE finding?
transient synovitis
| abduction, external rotation
113
Septic arthritis
CRP?
WBC?
ESR
CRP greater than 20
White count greater than 12k
ESR greater than 40
+fever
114
Most common cause of proteinuria in children
transient proteinuria --> caused by fever, stress, exercise etc
115
Followup for isolated event of proteinuria
two subsequent tests
| if continue to be negative, benign condition, no further workup
116
Treatment of impetigo
Topical mupirocin
117
Pertussis exposure prophylaxis
azithromycin for all contacts
118
Time of pertussis vaccination
-2,4,6 months
-15-18 months
-4-6 years
+ boosters
119
fever
urticaria
joint pain
cause?
serum sickness --> MC cause = B lactams, sulfa drugs
120
Growing pain features
- bilateral lower extremities
- primarily at night
- normal PE
121
Constitutional growth delay is assc with _____
delayed bone age
122
Hypothyroid assc growth pattern
- abrupt falling off of curve
| - delayed bone age
123
When is VZV vaccination given?
1 & 4 years
| +post exposure prophylactic vaccination with exposure between 1-4 years. (use VZIG only if immunodeficient)
124
How often should vision screen be done in kiddos?
every well child visit
125
When is meningococcal vaccination given?
11-12 --> booster at 16
126
When is rotavirus vaccination given?
2-8 months
127
In addition to binge eating and temper tantrums, what are some features of prader willis? (4)
- almond eyes
- small hands and feet
- hypotonia
- cryptorchidism
128
Pure red cell aplasia + triphalangeal thumbs
Diamond Blackfan
129
Wiskott Aldrich triad
- eczema
- thrombocytopenia
- hypogammaglobulinemia
130
Causes of idiopathic aplastic anemia
- chemicals (benzene, phenylbutazone)
- drugs (chloramphenicol, sulfa)
- viruses
- radiation
131
When is transient erythtroblastopenia of childhood typically diagnosed? MCV value?
After 1 year of age
| usually macrocytic
132
Most common congenital cause of aplastic anemia
Fanconis
| X linked --> chromosomal breaks
133
Fanconis
- skin finding
- blood finding
- features that are "small"
- eye and ear anomalies
- hypopigmentation + café au lait
- aplastic anemia
- small stature, head, gonads, thumbs
- strabismus + low set ears
134
Leading cause of B12/cobalamin deficiency
pernicious anemia/ IF deficiency
135
Diagnosis of turner
Pelvic U/S --> streak ovaries
| Karyotype analysis= 45 XO
136
HUS triad
- microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- thrombocytopenia
- acute kidney injury
137
Ferritin increases with ______
inflammation, it is an acute phase reactant
138
Lab finding assc with pyloric stenosis
hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
139
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the hip in young boys
Legg Calve Perthes disease
140
Most common population with SCFE
obese adolescent boys
141
PE finding in SCFE
pts hold hip externally rotated/ fail to internally rotate
142
Pineal gland mass signs
-limited upward gaze
-upper eyelid retraction
-pupils respond to accommodation but not light
(dorsal MIDBRAIN SYNDROME!!)
143
What is Colliers sign?
upper eyelid retraction caused by pinealoma
144
Ab mediated dancing eyes and feet:
name
cause
opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome
| neuroblastomas
145
Hep B infection is a risk factor for what type of nephropathy?
-membranous
146
How is membranous nephropathy diagnosed?
more than 3g/day protein excretion
147
Most common infection assc with focal segmental sclerosing glomerulonephritis
HIV
148
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in preadolescent children
minimal change disease
149
Most common cause of nephritic syndrome
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
150
How does medulloblastoma lead to hydrocephalus
4th ventricle obstruction
151
In addition to rockerbottom feet, overlapping digits....
| What are other physical characteristics of trisomy 18?
- micrognathia
- prominent occiput
- low set ears
- limited hip motion
152
What two organ systems are affected by trisomy 18?
- renal
| - cardiac
153
Trisomy 13 effects
- midline defects (holo, omphalocele, microphtalmia)
| - cutis aplasia
154
Typical location Mongolian spots + management
buttocks, totally benign
155
Bedwetting is normal up to what age?
5; may intervene after age 5 with alarm or DDAVP
156
How is pulmonary function tested in GBS?
spirometry
157
Maneuvers that increase the murmur of HCOM
Valsalva
Abrupt standing
NG
(all decrease preload)
158
Maneuvers that decrease the murmur of HCOM
```
hand grip (^afterload)
squatting (^pre+after load)
passive leg raise (^preload)
```
159
CT finding in retropharyngeal abscess
widened prevertebral space
160
Retropharyngeal abscess assc bugs
usually polymicrobial including staph aureus, strep pyo, and anaerobes
161
Cyclical vomiting is common in kiddos diagnosed with _______
migraines
162
Most common cause of congenital hypothyroid
dysgenesis
163
Lymph nodes in what region are always abnormal?
supraclavicular
164
Enzyme assc with Lesch Nyhan
HGPRT
165
Marfans genetic cause
AD mutation of fibrillin 1
166
Lyme disease
- assc bacteria
- assc tick
borrelia burgdorferi
| ixodes scapularis
167
Chemicals for lyme prevention
- DEET
| - permethrin
168
Endoscopy is recommended how long after caustic ingestion
within 24 hours
169
Contrast Ca/ Po content in breast milk v formula
more in formula but better gastric absorption in breast milk
170
Medial deviation of forefoot only=
metatarsus adductus --> recovers spontaneously
171
Medial deviaton of forefoot + hindfoot=
clubfoot= serial manipulation and casting
172
Ddx of rash in neonate
- ETN
- HSV
- Varicella
- SSS
173
ETN:
- timing
- palms+ soles?
first two weeks, spares palms and soles
174
Appearance of coxsackie herpangina vs herpetic gingivostomatitis
coxsackie: gray, posterior oropharynx
HSV: clusters, posterior oropharynx, erythematous gingiva
175
Treatment of herpangina vs herpetic gingivostomatitis
herpangina- supportive
| HSV- acyclovir
176
Triple bubble sign cause
jejunal atresia -- vascular accident
177
Defintive diagnosis of lead poisoning
venous lead levels
| capillary= false +
178
At what level of lead is chelation therapy begun?
45+ DMSA, succimer
| 70+ EDTA
179
Osteoid osteoma:
- MC location
- pain relief
- malignant?
- proximal femur
- improved with NSAIDs
- benign
180
Symptom associated with vaso-occlusive hand foot swelling in SCA
fever
181
#1 risk assc with RSV
apnea
182
Who gets palivizumab for RSV px?
preterm less than 29 weeks
BPD
congenital heart disease (hemodynamically significant)
183
Hammer toes + ataxia in males=
Freidrichs, AR, GAAepeat
184
MC COD in Freidrichs
cardiomyopathy
185
When does milk protein enterocolitis onset?
2-8 weeks
| spontaneous resolves by 1 year
186
Amenorrhea with evidence of uterus--> next diagnostic step =
FSH
187
Treatment for Jervell Lange Neilsen/ Romano Ward
propranolol + pacer
188
Contrast JLN and RW
JLN: AR, hearing loss
RW: AD no loss hearing
Both= K+ channels
189
BB that is avoided in long QT syndrome
Sotalolol, also class III anti-arrhythmic, blocks K+ channels = long QT
190
2 MC common causes viral myocarditis
adeno
| coxsackie
191
When is renal/ bladder US indicated in children?
less than 24 months first febrile UTI
192
Treatment for vaginal foreign body in kiddos
irrigation with warm fluid
193
How long should a breath holding spell last
less than 1 minute
194
Cause of newborn jaundice in Asian baby
decrease hepatic uridine diphosphogluconuate glucuronosyltransferase activity (UGT)
195
Trendelenburg sign cause
SGN/gluteus minimus weakness
196
Risks assc with IUGR:
hypo- calcemia, glycemia, thermia
polycythemia
asphyxia, meconium aspiration, hypoxia
197
Management of central precocious puberty
- brain imaging
| - GnRH analog therapy
198
Contraindications to rotavirus vaccination
- anaphylaxis to ingredient
- history of inussusception, uncorrected malformation of GI tract
- SCID
199
Timing of rotavirus vaccination
2-6 months
200
Treatment of acute abnormal uterine bleeding
- high dose estrogen, progestin, OCPs
| - tranexamic acid
201
Most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents
immature HPA axis --> anovulatory cycles
202
How to dx meckels diverticulum
technetium 99m pertechnetate scan
203
Rule of 2s for meckels diverticulum?
2% prevlance
2:1 male: female ratio
2% symptomatic at age 2
within 2 feet of the ileocecal valve
204
Key symptom of meckels
painless hematochezia
205
How is intussusception diagnosed? treated?
U/S --> air enema
206
Workup of newborn bilious emesis
Abdominal xray to rule out perforation -->
contrast enema to distinguish between hirschsprungs and meconium ileus
(M.I.= obstruction at terminal ileus, hirschsprungs= colon)
207
Erythema chronicum migrans = what?
localized lyme disease
208
Treatment of lyme disease meningitis and heart block?
ceftriaxone
209
Treatment of localized lyme disease in kiddos under 8 + preggos
amoxicillin, cefuroxime
210
Which NF type is assc with megalocephaly?
NF1
211
How are pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas distinguished on CT/MRI?
craniopharyngioma has calcifications
212
Treatment of hydrocele
reassurance... most resolve by 12 months
213
Most common bug in KIDS with CF?
staph aureus
214
Treatment of pneumonia in kids with CF?
cefepime (MSSA) + vanc (MRSA)
215
MC cause otitis externa
pseudomonas
216
Treatment of croup
steroids + epi(if mod ---> severe)
217
Cause of bilateral chemosis in 5-14 day old?
chlamydia
218
MC cause of eye discharge in babies?
dacryostenosis (no conjunctival/eyelid inflammation)
219
Treatment of ocular misalignment
patch or cycloplegic drops for NORMAL eye
220
Testing needing for patients with emphysema
CXR to rule out PTX
221
Two GI complications assc with HSP
intussusception
| GI hemorrhage
222
ECG and CXR findings assc with tricuspid atresia
- decreased pulmonary markings
- left axis deviation
- tall P waves
223
Peripheral smear finding in SCA
Howell Jolly Bodies
224
Cause of recurrent sinopulmonary & GI infections AFTER 6 months?
X linked agammaglobulinemia
225
Treatment of minimal change disease
steroids
226
Angular cheilosis + normocytic anemia cause
B2 (riboflavin) def
227
Cheilosis, irritability, glossitis, stomatitis cause
B6, pyridoxine def
228
Punctate hemorrhages, corkscrew hair, gingivitis cause
scurvy, vit C def
229
MCC causes of bilateral lymphadenopathy
EBV,CMV, adeno
230
2 most common causes of acute unilateral lymphadenitis
staph aureus
| strep pyo
231
Radiographic sign of compartment syndrome
triangular large fat pad surrounding bone
232
Acute otitis media:
- most common bugs
- accepted treatment
- strep pneumo, h flu, m cat
| - 10 days amoxicillin
233
Three foodborne diseases that present with mainly VOMITING
- staph aureus
- bacillus cereus
- noroviruses
234
Foodborne illnesses with WATERY, noninflammatory diarrhea (5)
- clostridium
- ETEC
- crypto
- cyclospora
- tapeworms
235
Most common bacterial cause of rhinosinusitis
strep pneumo, h flu
followed by mcat
(same as AOM)
236
21 hydroxylase def causes elevation of what hormone?
17-hydroxyprogesterone
237
Several weeks ear drainage + failed abx = suspicion for
cholesteatoma
238
First line treatment for epiglottitis
```
endotracheal intubation
(not steroids + racemic epi!)
```
239
Virus assc with atopic dermatitis
eczema herpeticum
| painful vesicles, crusting, fever, lymphadenopathy
240
Wiskott Aldrich:
inheritance
underlying deficit
XR
| impaired cytoskeleton regulation
241
Café au lait spots + precocious puberty
McCune Albright, cAMP kinase defect
242
GI polyposis + mucocutaneous pigmentation, estrogen producing tumor =
putz jegher
243
Syndrome assc with McCune Albright
Cushings
244
3 P's of McCune Albright
- precocious puberty
- pigmentation
- polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
245
How is measles transmitted
airborne!
246
Myotonic Dystrophy genetic cause
AD CTG repeat DMPK gene
247
COD in MD
respiratory/ cardiac failure
248
Duchenne/Becker genetic causes
XR absence vs decrease in dystrophin
249
Neuroblastoma origin cells
neural crest cells
250
Radio-opaque ingestion
+ metabolic acidosis
+ hematemesis
cause and treatment
iron tox
| deferoxamine
251
Humoral deficiency assc with:
- lw B cells + Igs
- low Igs
- low IgA
- low IgA, IgG
- Low IgG
- low B Cells + Ig's: X linked agammaglobulinemia
- low Igs: CVID
- low IgA: IgA Def (MC)
- low IgA, IgG: Hyper IgM
- Low IgG: IgG subclass def
252
Treatment of stroke in SCA
exchange transfusion
253
Prolonged arthropathy in hemophilia cause
iron/hemosiderin deposition
254
UMN findings in down syndrome should raise suspicion for
atlantoaxial instability
255
Lymphocytes (as opposed to myelocytes) are + for what markers?
PAS
| TdT
256
Lumbar Puncture + abx--> which comes first in meningitis management?
lumbar puncture unless acutely unstable
257
First step in management of CDH
CABs! endotracheal intubation
258
Treatment in ITP
if asymptomatic --> observe
if symptomatic --> steroids/ IVIG
(symptomatic= bleeding)
259
Most common predisposing factor for bacterial sinusitis
viral URI
260
Back pain + neuro dysfunction + palpable step off =
spondylolisthesis
261
Most common location for spondylolisthesis
L5 over S1
262
Fluid type used for stabilization
normal saline, no dextrose until maintenance fluids are began
263
Evanescent pink rash is assc with _____
ARF
264
JIA lasts how long?
more than 6 weeks joint pain
265
Pain at patellar tendon insertion site
Osgood Sclatter/ traction apophysitis
266
Site of patellar tenson insertion
tibial tubercle
267
Treatment for Osgood Schlatter
NSAIDs
268
Cyanosis that improves with crying
choanal atresia
269
Treatment of pyloric stenosis
stabilize with fluids/ correct electrolytes --> surgery
270
In addition to prematurity, what four factors increase the risk of respiratory distress syndrome?
- male sex
- perinatal asphyxia
- maternal diabetes
- cesarean section
271
Palpable mass assc with torticollis
SCM hypertrophy
272
What should be avoided for stabilization in case of cardiac lesions?
Intubation --> not effective for cardiogenic shock
273
Motion assc with absence seziures
eyelid fluttering
274
HSP glomerular abnormality assc
mesangial deposition of IgA
275
How does knee-chest position alleviate cyanotic spells in TOF?
increases systemic vascular resistance --> increased pulmonary blood flow
276
Refeeding syndrome is caused by a surge in _____
insulin
277
SCFE symptoms in boys younger than ten may be caused by
Legg Calve Perthes Disease
| limited internal rotation/ abduction
278
Harsh systolic ejection murmur at LUSB + Single S2 =
TOF
279
What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions?
Type I: immediate, IgE
Type II: cytotoxic, IgG/IgM autoantibodies
Type III: antibody, antigen complex
Type IV: delayed, Tcell/ macs
280
Three examples of Type III hypersensitivity:
serum sickness
PSGN
lupus nephritis
281
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia + goodpastures syndrome are what types of hypersensitivity reactions?
Type II, cytotoxic, IgG/IgM autoantibodies
282
Falling with object in mouth may cause what vascular injury?
carotid artery dissection = hemiplegia
283
MC cause urinary tract obstruction leading to Potters?
posterior urethral valves
284
1st line therapy for bedwetting
alarm --> desmopressin --> tricyclics
285
Ddx of acute stridor
croup
| foreign body aspiration
286
Ddx of chronic stridor
laryngomalacia
| vascular ring
287
Cause of anemia of prematurity
decreased EPO
288
Risk assc with orchiopexy
subfertility
289
Two causes of neonatal botulism
ingestion of spores from environmental dust
| ingestion of preformed toxins from food
290
Treatment of paraphimosis
urgent reduction of prepuce
291
In addition to macrosomia, macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, what defects are seen in BWS?
abdominal wall defects, monitor abdominal US + AFP
292
Tumors assc with BWS
Wilms
| Hepatoblastoma
293
Chromosome assc with BWS
11p15
294
Three complications of Mumps
- parotitis
- orchitis
- aseptic meningitis
295
Treatment for scabies
permethrin
296
mesdiastinal mass + anemia + high ferritin =
thymoma
297
midline mass in abdomen w/ calcifications=
neuroblastoma
298
linear consolidation in lung lobe at birth
congenital emphysema
299
cough + post-tussive emesis - fever=
pertussis
300
infantile UTI appropriate abx therapy
cefotaxime
301
ingestion:
- ulcers on lips + tongue
- agitated + drooling
drain cleaner
302
Treatment for HTN emergency
nitroprusside
303
air fluid level at tympanic membrane-
otitis media with effusion
304
Causes of calcium deficiency with ^^PTH
| 6
1) lack of intake/sun
2) malabsorption
3) liver disease
4) anticonvulsants
5) renal osteodystrophy
6) Vd dep Type 1
305
Causes of PO4 def without ^^ PTH (5)
1) Genetic Primary Hypophosphatemia
2) Fanconis
3) RTA II
4) Oncogenic
5) Phosphate malabsorption
306
Vitamin D Dep II is caused by
End organ resistance to 1,25 D3
AR
307
Most common non-nutritional tickets cause
Genetic primary hypophosphatemia (XD)
| Poor 1,25 D formation and PO4 absorption
308
Rachitic rosary and tetany are seen in what rickets type?
Nutritional, not familial
309
Vitamin D Dep II cause + inheritance pattern
AR, poor 1,25 D formation
310
Cause of ricketts as scheduled with malignancy
PEX protein ----> excess PO4 loss in urine and poor 1,25 D formation
311
Two substances found in urine with fanconis
AAs
| Phosphate
312
What RTA is assc with urinary loss of PO4?
RTA II (proximal)
313
Schmid metaphyseal dysplasia
Inheritance pattern + labs
AD
Normal labs
(Bowing waddling gait, abnormal imaging)
