Mega Review Flashcards
1
Q
Apgar scores- classify scores 0-9
A
0-4: poor
5-7: fair
8-10: good
2
Q
What is a +2 rating for pulse? grimace?
A
pulse: 100+
grimace: cough +2; grimace +1
3
Q
Hemangioma in baby is what type?
A
strawberry, capillary
4
Q
What hemangioma type causes stridor?
A
supraglottic
5
Q
Buzzword for mongolian spot
A
“sharply demarcated”
6
Q
Oval bald spot on infant is called?
A
nevus sebaceous
remove in adolescence, risk malignancy
7
Q
“Milk bumps” on nose are termed?
A
milia
8
Q
Nerve roots effected by Erbs? Klumpkes?
A
Erbs: C5-6
Klumpkes: C8, T1
9
Q
Which brachial plexus injury is assc with phrenic palsy?
A
Erbs (C4)
10
Q
Which brachial plexus injury is assc with Horners?
A
Klumpkes
11
Q
First test in respiratory distress
A
CXR
12
Q
“Big three” conditions screened for in newborns
A
CHT, PKU, galactosemia
13
Q
Galactosemia + PKU inheritance patterns
A
AR
14
Q
Cutaneous findings assc with PKU
A
fair hair and skin + blue eyes
15
Q
Galactosemia findings
A
- jaundice
- hypoglycemia
- cataracts
16
Q
Two physical exam findings assc with CHT
A
umbilical hernia
large fontanel
17
Q
Preterm baby with resp difficulty=
Term=
A
Preterm- RDS
Term- TTN
18
Q
Meconium aspiration causes _____
A
chemical pneumonitis
19
Q
In addition to lung related causes of RD, what other systems may be involved?
A
intracranial process
metabolic disease
cardiac disease
20
Q
In addition to C/S, what puts baby at risk of TTN?
A
rapid descent
21
Q
Cephalohematoma= blood in what area?
A
subperiosteal, doesnt cross sutures
22
Q
When should fontanels close?
A
anterior: 9-18 months
posterior: 4-5 months
23
Q
Lens opacity on PE=
A
cataracts
24
Q
What is the CHARGE assc?
A
Coloboma Heart Defects Atresia, choanal Renal Defect GU Ear Deformity
25
Gastroschisis vs Omphalocele:
| which is midline?
```
omhalocele= midline
gastro= lateral
```
26
First two tests in case of ambiguous genitalia
17 OH prog
| Karyotype
27
When does umbilical hernia spontaneously close?
5 years
28
When does physiologic jaundice peak and resolve?
peak-3 days
| resolve- 1 week
29
Values assc with physiologic jaundice
less than 13/2
30
Differential diagnosis of direct hyperbili
TORCH
biliary atresia
hepatitis
31
Rate of bili rise assc with kernicterus?
| Total bili assc with kernicterus?
rate greater than 0.5/hr
| total greater than 25
32
When should iron supplementation start in breast fed babies?
6 months, can be with cereal
33
Calories in formula
20 cal/oz
34
Describe bone age in constitutional vs familial short stature
constitutional-bone age = height age, room left
| familial- bone age = chrono age
35
Which patients have short parents:
| constitutional or familial short stature
familial
36
Normal growth velocity
4 cm/ year
37
Common cause of abrupt falling of growth curve
hypothyroid
38
Most newborn reflexes disappear by when?
4-6 months, except babinski= 18
39
Which way does baby roll first?
back 4 months --> stomach 5 months
40
When is social smile seen?
4-8 weeks
41
How many cubes should be stacked at 15,18,24 months?
15-3
18-4
24-7
42
When should all potty training be complete?
5 years
43
Renal threshold for gluc spilling
180-200
44
Diabetes insipidus urine finding
low specific gravity, less than or equal to 1
45
Diurnal enuresis may be caused by?
anatomic lesion
46
Most effecient test to order in case of enuresis
U/A
47
DOC in noctural enuresis
DDAVP
48
When are MMR effects seen?
1-2 weeks later
49
Treatment of neonatal sepsis? meningitis?
sepsis- amp & gent
| meningitis- amp & cefotaxime
50
Most common cause sepsis older than 2 months?
strep pneumo
51
Cephalosporin contraindicated before 2 months?
ceftriaxone
52
When to use steroids in meningitis?
prevents deafness in H flu meningitis
53
Prophylaxis for nmen/hflu?
rifampin for close contacts
54
Seasonal encephalitis causes
arbo,entero viruses
55
MC sporadic cause of encephalitis
HSV
56
Osteomyelitis testing:
xray --> MRI --> culture
57
#1 cause osteo in all patients
staph aureus
58
When is patient at risk of pseudomonas osteomyelitis
after sneaker puncture
59
Gold standard for diagnosis in joint disease
arthrocentesis
60
Duration of pertussis
8 or more weeks
61
All pregnant moms get what vaccine?
Tdap
62
What abx decreases duration of illness in pertussis
erythromycin
63
Measles: aka
rubeola
64
Roseola distinguishing factors
rash AFTER fever
65
Rubella distinguishing factors
low grade fever
3 day duration
posterior lymphadenopathy
66
Lacy reticular rash=
evanescent rash=
bullet rah=
lacy reticular= fifths disease
evanescent= RF
Bullet= erythma chronicum migrans (lyme)
67
Lyme vs RMSF- who gets doxy
lyme; all over 8 doxy, rest amoxicillin
| RMSF: all get doxy
68
CSD treatment
azithromycin
69
Antibiotic classically assc with rash in mono
ampicillin
70
Antidote for acetaminophen tox
nacetylcysteine (mucomist)
71
Aspirin findings
metabolic acidosis
72
Treatment for CO poisoning
hyperbaric O2
73
Toxicity assc with hemorrhagic GE + antidote
iron, deferoxime
74
Lead antidotes
EDTA, succimer at 45 or higher
75
Organophosphate antidote
atropine +/- 2PAM
76
Leading cause of death assc with ingestions
TCAs- seizures, arrythmia
77
Most common cause of conjunctivits at 24 hours or less
chemical
78
When is strabismus normal?
up to 4 months
79
How is amblyopia treated? What is it called?
lazy eye, patch
80
Screening test for lead, confirmatory?
```
screening= capillary
confirmatory = venous
```
81
MC complication of AOM
meningitis
82
Most common "resistant" bug
m cat
83
Gold standard for strep dx
throat culture
84
FBA finding on CXR
hyperinflation
85
Treatment never to be used alone in asthma
LABA
86
Define intermittent asthma
less than 2 days per week, 2 nights per month
87
Treatment of intermittent asthma
albuterol PRN
88
Chromosome assc with CF
chromosome 7
89
Most common cause of death in infants + most common time of year
SIDS, most common in winter, common at 2-3 months
90
Grade murmur that may be innocent
I-II
91
Cyanotic heart lesions
5 T's + Pulm stenosis
92
TOF murmur
loud single S2
93
When does VSD usually close?
by one year esp if muscular
94
Tricuspid atresia murmur
single S2, pansystolic murmur
95
Egg on a string=
TGA
96
Snowman=
TAPVR
97
Five major criteria assc with RF
```
JONES
-joints
-carditis
-nodules
-erythema marginatum (evanescent)
s-sydenhams
```
98
Requirements for RF dx
2 major
1 major + 2 minor
or just sydenhams
99
Common cause iatrogenic HTN in newborns
umbilical catheter
100
MCC diarrheal illness
norovirus
101
In which two diarrheal illnesses are abx CI?
E coli- increased risk HUS
| salmonella- increased length carrier state
102
Treatment for shigella
TMPSMX
103
Treatment for campylobacter
e-mycin
104
Treatment for Giardia
metronidazole
105
Microcolon v megacolon, which= hirschsprungs?
```
micro= meconium ileus
mega= hirschsprungs
```
106
Population with highest rate of pyloric stenosis
first born males
107
Lab findings assc with pyloric stenosis
hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
| **correct this before surgery, surgery is nonemergent
108
Test of choice for pyloric stenosis
U/S
109
CXR finding assc with NEC
pneumatosis intestinalis
110
Apt test looks for?
swallowed maternal blood in neonate
111
MCC hematochezia in baby?
anal fissure
112
UC vs chrons: which= fistula
Chrons
113
Alports inheritance pattern
XD
114
C3 or C4 which is decreased in PSGN
C3
115
Nephrotic syndrome places patients at risk of what secondary condition?
peritonitis
116
When do males more commonly than females have UTI ?
before one year
117
Who is worked up for UTI cause?
females under 3
males
first febrile under 2
118
Workup for UTI cause?
renal US
119
Gold standard for UTI diagnosis
urine culture
120
In-toeing + neutral heel=
metatarsus adductus
121
In-toeing + inward heel=
```
talipes equinovarus
(club foot)
```
122
Knee position in tibial torsion vs femoral anteversion
normal knee- tibial torsion
| inward knee- femoral anteversion
123
SCFE should prompt what testing?
TSH, FSH, LH
124
Population most commonly seen with developmental hip dysplasia
breech girls
125
Swelling at tibial tubercle
osgood schlatter
126
Most common bone tumor
osteosarcoma
127
Osteosarcoma is increased in frequency with
blateral Rb
128
Sunburst appearance = ______, onion skin= _____
suburst= osteo
| onion skin= ewings
129
Allergic rhinitis is _____ mediated
IgE
130
When do symptoms begin in Brutons
6-12 months, Recurrent sinopulmonary infection
131
Type one pauciarticular JIA:
| marker + sex
female
| ANA
132
Type two pauciarticular JIA
| marker + sex
male
| HLA B27
133
Assc with Type II pauciarticular JIA
HLAB27= ankylosing spondylitis
134
Systemic JIA=
fever, rash, joints
135
Neonatal lupus causes
heart block
136
CRASH + burn, how many are required?
fever +4/5
137
Complications of HSP
- intussusception
- arthritis
- encephalopathy
138
All HSP patients need
hospital admission
139
Hereditary spherocytosis
- test
- inhertiance pattern
- assc
osmotic fragility
AD
gallstones
140
MC enzyme assc anemia + inheritance pattern
G6PD, XR
141
When does treatment occur in ITP?
when symptomatic---> give IVG, steroids
142
Inheritance pattern VWD
AD
143
VWD lab
prolonged PTT
144
Where does ALL relapse? (2)
CNS + testis
145
EEG pattern + tx assc with Infantile Spasms
hypsarrythmia, ACTH
146
EEG pattern + tx assc with absence seizures?
aka?
3 Hx spike and wave
ethosuximide
petit mal
147
Mucopolysaccharidoses inheritance
All AR except Hunter= XR
148
Werdnig Hoffman
inheritance pattern
gene
SMN
| AR
149
Symptoms SMA
pediatric ALS sx
150
Two types SMA
I-infantile
III-adolescent
worse with younger onset
151
Treatment of GBS
supportive
plasmapheresis
IVIG
152
First sign of puberty in males?
| females?
males- testicular enlargement
| females- breast buds
153
Normal weirdness during puberty
assymetry
gynecomastia
irregular menses
