Valvular Hrt Dis (Aortic Regurgitation- AR)

Question 1

What are the causes of aortic regurgitation (AR)?

Answer 1

Causes include:
* Valvular: rheumatic, bicuspid valve (inherited condition), endocarditis
* Dilated aortic root: aortic dissection, ankylosing spondylitis, syphilis

Aortic regurgitation can arise from various structural heart issues.

Question 2

What are the symptoms of aortic regurgitation (AR)?

Answer 2

Symptoms include:
* Exertional dyspnea
* Angina
* Signs of left ventricular failure

Symptoms can vary based on the severity of the condition.

Question 3

What are the key examination findings in aortic regurgitation (AR)?

Answer 3

Key examination findings include:
* ‘Water hammer’ pulse
* Capillary pulsations (Quincke’s sign)
* Diastolic murmur

These findings help in the clinical assessment of AR.

Question 4

What imaging findings are associated with aortic regurgitation (AR)?

Answer 4

Imaging findings include:
* Left atrial enlargement
* Left ventricular enlargement

Imaging is crucial for assessing the impact of AR on heart structure.

Question 5

What is the standard treatment for aortic regurgitation (AR)?

Answer 5

Standard treatment includes:
* Therapy for heart failure
* Surgical replacement in severe cases

Treatment strategies are determined by the severity and symptoms of AR.

Question 6

True or False: Aortic regurgitation can be caused by endocarditis.

Answer 6

True

Endocarditis is one of the valvular causes of AR.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Symptoms of aortic regurgitation include _______.

Answer 7

exertional dyspnea, angina, signs of left ventricular failure

These symptoms can indicate the severity of the condition.