Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Advanced Embalming > Vascular Difficulties (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Vascular Difficulties (Exam 2) Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The femoral artery is most likely to be affected by

A

Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The use of these would be the primary injection and drainage site for Arteriosclerosis

A

Common carotid and Right internal Jugular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The inner wall of the artery is hardened and thickened, but the lumen is well defined and large; vessels can usually be used for arterial injection

A

Type 1 Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This condition is frequently seen in the autopsied body when the common iliac arteries are exposed

A

Type 1 Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The lumen is quite reduced in size and pushed to one side of the artery

A

Type 2 Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The lumen can usually be identified and a small arterial tube can be used for injection

A

Type 2 Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The artery is completely occluded

A

Type 3 Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If ischemia or gangrene is not present in the area supplied, the collateral circulation may have increased to supply blood to the limb, or there may be minute paths in the occluded artery through which the blood can pass

A

Type 3 Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The formation of paths or canals in vessels

A

Canalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These arteries CANNOT be used for injection

A

Type 3 Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List 4 intravascular arterial conditions that can limit the distribution of arterial solution to various body areas

A

Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Thrombosis (Arterial Coagula)
Atheroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pre-injection should not be used when?

A

When it will be difficult to establish arterial solution distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This could result when the preservative solution is injected as the system would be filled with pre-injection solution

A

Swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

These should only be used if circulation is thought to be good

A

Pre-injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In cases where you can use pre-injection, what can it do for you? (pre-injection)

A

Maintains the good distribution and drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Many persons who had vascular diseases were given these

A

Blood Thinners and Anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bodies that had been on blood thinners and anticoagulants exhibit what?

A

Good arterial solution distribution and few or no clots in the drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The cavity of the vessel is called the

A

Lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Arteries have how many layers?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the names of the 3 layers of the arteries?

A 
Tunica intima (Interna)
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia (Externa)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The inner lining of endothelial cells, which continue to form the walls of the capillaries and then the inner walls of the veins and arteries

A

Tunica Interna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The middle layer, composed of smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue

A

Tunica Media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The outer layer, composed mostly of connective tissue

A

Tunica Externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The blood within the vascular lumen is unable to supply blood to this most outer layer

A

Tunica Externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The vessels that supply nutrients to the externa are called
Vasa Vasorum
26
Arterioles are made up of?
Tunica Intima and Tunica Media
27
Arteries are made up of
All 3 layers (Intima, Media, and Adventitia)
28
The further away from the heart, the ________ the lumen
SMALLER
29
Unequal distribution of arterial solution frequently occurs afte death from
Cerebral Vascular Accident (Stroke)
30
If vessels on one side of the body have undergone vasoconstriction, the vessels on the opposite side undergo this in order to supply more oxygen to the tissue
Vasodilation
31
What are some complications associated with the end stage of congestive heart failure?
``` Blood is congested in the right side of the heart Neck veins engorged; facial tissues dark Lips, ears, and fingers cyanotic Pitting Edema often Ascites Anasarca Blood may be more viscous Salt is retained ```
32
Recommended treatment for Congestive Heart Failure case?
Restricted Cervical or Continuous Immediate cavity treatment
33
Methods to reduce swollen and distended neck
Air/water collar filled with sand Turkish Towel Cold Water Pack
34
Edema will require a stronger solution, but these should be avoided
Lanolin based or humectants
35
Why should lanolin based or humectants be avoided in edematous cases?
They add more fluid, and you want to draw the fluid out with an edematous case
36
In congestive heart failure cases, this is common
Lung purge
37
Lung purge should be encouraged in congestive heart failure cases, but what should be put on the face to prevent surface discolorations?
Massage Cream
38
These are also common in congestive heart failure cases, and should be aspirated prior to injection only if necessary
Ascites
39
If there is a build up of decomposition gases, when should you aspirate?
Prior to injection
40
RUUUP
Reduced pressure and rate of flow Utilize care in raising vessels Use gauze to tie off vessels Use of various distribution and drainage aids, massage Proper selection of size and type of injection and drainage tubes
41
What is RUUUP used for?
Mechanical and manual aids in Congestive Heart Failure cases
42
Characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2)
``` Arteriosclerosis Obesity (possible) Gangrene (often dry) Decubitus Ulcers Abnormal pH Bacterial and mycotic infections ```
43
Recommended injection for Congestive Heart Failure cases?
Restricted Cervical
44
What do anticoagulants do?
Lubricate Prevent Clots Break up Clots
45
What do water conditioners do?
Lubricate Prevent Clots Break Up clots Treat minerals in water
46
You should avoid these in congestive heart failure cases?
Pre-injection
47
What pressure/rate of flow is used in congestive heart failure cases?
High
48
What kind of drainage for congestive heart failure cases?
Intermittent
49
For the NBE, how many 16 oz bottles of cavity fluid per 50 lbs?
1
50
What is the equation for cavity fluid for the NBE?
One 16 oz bottle per 50 lbs
51
For dehydration, a milder solution should be used, as well as a co-injection. What should be mixed into the co-injection?
Humectants
52
Immediate tissue fixation
Head freeze
53
Edematous fluids are what compared to the vascular system cells?
Hypertonic
54
Pressure on the outside of an artery or vein
Extravascular resistance
55
May restrict the flow of arterial solution into a body region, or may restrict drainage
Extravascular resistance
56
Relieve as much as possible by manipulation prior to arterial injection
Rigor Mortis
57
Relieve by draining prior to or during arterial injection only in extreme cases
Ascites
58
Puncture the abdomen and relieve gases prior to or during arterial injection
Gas in Cavities
59
Remove prior to injection
Bandages
60
Massage; use positioning blocks to reduce the amount of surface that the body comes into contact with
Contact Pressure
61
Excise with permission if absolutely necessary
Tumors
62
Sectional injection may be necessary
Tumors or swollen lymph nodes
63
Drainage may be possible prior to injection, but can be too risky, as the embalmer will probably puncture a major artery
Hydrothorax
64
Above and below heart injection and drainage points can be employed
Visceral Weight
65
Recommended treatment for extra-vascular difficulties
Sectional arterial injection Sectional hypodermic injection Operative Aids
66
What operative aids can be used for extra-vascular difficulties
Necrotic Tissue excision Swollen tissue excision New growths excised Surface compresses
67
Before performing any unnecessary operative aids for extra-vascular incisions, what should be obtained?
Written Permission
68
You have a body that is pre-disposed to decomposition. What kind of arterial fluid should be used.
Large volume of high index | Possible waterless embalming
69
Why should a higher strength fluid be used on a body predisposed to decomposition?
Edema, bacteria, and especially ammonia, which neutralizes formaldehyde
70
You have a body pre-disposed to decomposition. What mechanical or manual aids be used?
Pressure, flow | Various distribution and drainage aids
71
You have a body pre-disposed to decomposition. What kind of injection and drainage will you use?
Constant flow and intermittent drainage | Vascular injection if possible
72
You have a body pre-disposed to decomposition. What kind of injection should be used?
Sectional, 6 point injection
73
You have a body in which decomposition is present. What strength, type, and quantity of chemicals should be used?
High preservation demand fluid Large volume Surface embalming Hot water
74
You have a body in which decomposition is present. What mechanical and manual aids should be used?
Various distribution and drainage | Hypodermic embalming
75
A humectant mixed with arterial fluid is a
Modifying agent
76
A humectant alone is a
Supplemental Chemical
77
What is the objective of embalming a dehydrated body?
To establish or to maintain a proper moisture balance in the dead human body
78
This may occur internally while dehydration occurs externally
Imbibition
79
Condition resulting from excessive loss of bodily fluid
Dehydration
80
The absorption of moisture into the air from a body
Dehydration
81
Extreme dehydration
Mummification
82
Humectant arterial fluid or co-injection in primary dilution will prevent this in secondary dilution
Postmortem Dehydration
83
These should be used in the last injection only
Humectant Chemicals
84
List the causes of antemortem dehydration
Restricted Fluid intake Excessive Moisture loss Reduction of electrolytes in body fluids
85
List the 3 principal causes of post embalming tissue dehydration
Chemical Drainage Environmental Surface Evaporation
86
How much water is in a normal body?
Per 100 lbs, 75 lbs water
87
How much water is in a dehydrated body?
Per 100 lbs, 65 lbs water
88
How much water is in an edematous body?
Per 100 lbs, 85 lbs water
89
List the ways the embalmer can guard against feature dehydration originating from cavity fluid
Keep head elevated Use cavity injector instead of embalming machine Ligate both carotids and jugulars Gravitate cavity fluid high to low over viscera
90
List the Strength, type, and quantity of chemicals for a dehydrated case
Use a humectant Cold water Massage cream for pre, during, and post embalming
91
What are the mechanical and manual aids for a dehydrated case?
Massage cream Various distribution and drainage aids Hypodermic tissue fillers only after injection
92
When should hypdermic tissue fillers be used in a dehydrated case?
AFTER INJECTION
93
Where is it possible to inject tissue builder?
Temples Cheek bones Hollow areas Under mandible
94
What are some of the types of tissue builders
Silicone based | Massage Cream
95
What are the controlled injection and drainage choices for a dehydrated case?
Constant flow and intermittent drainage | Alternate injection and drainage
96
Humectants can be incorporated in almost any embalming case except?
Decomposition | Edematous cases
97
Why can't you use humectants in a decomposition case?
So viscous they would clog the arteries
98
Why can't you use humectants in edematous cases?
You want to draw moisture out, not add more in
99
Injection site for dehydration case?
Femoral artery
100
Humectants should be used only after all blood drainage has ceased - this should dominate drainage
Clear arterial fluid

Advanced Embalming (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions