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Advanced Embalming > Must Know Information - Vocab > Flashcards

Must Know Information - Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis

A

Abrasion

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2
Q

The process of taking in, as in a colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color

A

Absorption

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3
Q

Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents

A

Accessory Chemical

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4
Q

These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL)
For formaldehyde, this is .5 ppm

A

Action Level/Al-Exposure Limits

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5
Q

Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells

A

Active Dyes
Staining Dyes
Cosmetic Dyes

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6
Q

That pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body

A

Actual Pressure

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7
Q

A disease with a more or less rapid onset and short duration

A

Acute

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8
Q

Soft whitish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats

A

Adipocere

Grave Wax

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9
Q

Assimilation of gas, vapor, or dissolved matter by the surface of a solid or liquid

A

Adsorption

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10
Q

In the presence of free oxygen

A

Aerobic

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11
Q

Period immediately before somatic death

A

Agonal Period

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12
Q

Method of injection drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open which is a type of restricted drainage

A

Intermittent Drainage

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13
Q

In the absence of free oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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14
Q

Severe generalized edema

A

Anasarca

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15
Q

A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known

A

Anatomical Guide

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16
Q

Points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries

A

Anatomical Limits

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17
Q

The body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body

A

Anatomical Position

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18
Q

Before Death

A

Antemortem

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19
Q

Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals

A

Anticoagulant fluid

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20
Q

A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue

A

Antiseptic

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21
Q

Death brought about by the cessation of respiration or improper functioning of the respiratory apparatus
One of the three modes of death described by Bichat

A

Apnea

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22
Q

Condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained

A

Apparent Death

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23
Q

A solution in which water is the solvent

A

Aqueous Solution

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24
Q

The concentrated, preservative embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming

A

Arterial (Vascular) Fluid

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25
Q

The purpose of this is for inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition

A

Arterial (Vascular) Fluid

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26
Q

The mixture of arterial (vascular) fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids

A

Arterial Solution

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27
Q

The term applied to a number of pathological conditions causing a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries

A

Arteriosclerosis

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28
Q

Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

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29
Q

Insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from numerous causes aka Apnea

A

Asphyxia

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30
Q

Indicates a weakness or feebleness of any organ or function

A

Asthenia

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31
Q

Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in atherosclerosis

A

Atheroma

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32
Q

A form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls

A

Atherosclerosis

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33
Q

The presence of bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

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34
Q

Resins combined with oil; a fragrant, resinous, oily exudate from various trees and plants

A

Balsamic Substance

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35
Q

Base of the Axillary Space

A

Arm Pit

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36
Q

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle

A

Anterior Boundary

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37
Q

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle

A

Posterior Boundary

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38
Q

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall

A

Medial Boundary

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39
Q

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the arm

A

Lateral Boundary

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40
Q

A network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excission to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position

A

Basket Weave Suture

Cross Stitch

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41
Q

Acute, deep-seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle

A

Boil aka Furuncle

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42
Q

Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge; may be applied prior to embalming to align tissues

A

Bridge Suture aka Temporary Interrupted Suture

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43
Q

An injury caused by a blow without laceration; a contusion

A

Bruise (Ecchymosis)

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44
Q

Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeht

A

Buccal Cavity

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45
Q

General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting
May occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis
Wasting Syndrome

A

Cachexia

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46
Q

Dead human body used for medical purposes

Including transplantation, anatomical dissection, and study

A

Cadaver

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47
Q

A prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death aka instantaneous rigor mortis

A

Cadaveric Spasm

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48
Q

The dome-like superior portion of the cranium; that portion removed during cranial autopsy

A

Calvarium

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49
Q

Circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis; Several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue

A

Carbuncle

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50
Q

The total sum of those considerations given the case at hand, beginning before the embalming procedure is begun and continuing throughout the operation

A

Case Analysis

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51
Q

A condition in which the vital signs of life are feebly maintained and there is a waxy rigidity of the body

A

Catalepsy

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52
Q

An embalming instrument which is connected to a bottle of cavity fluid to aid in injecting the cavity fluid into the various cavities of the body

A

Cavity Injector

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53
Q

The center of fluid distribution is

A

Ascending and/or arch of the aorta

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54
Q

The center of venous drainage is

A

Right atrium of the heart

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55
Q

A disease with a more or less slow onset and long duration

A

Chronic

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56
Q

An influential person in medical embalming who published a book about a method of embalming without evisceration

A

Gabrial Clauderus

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57
Q

A phase of somatic death lasting from 5-6 minutes during which life may be restored

A

Clinical Death

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58
Q

Anaerobic, saprophytic, spore-forming bacterium responsible for tissue gas; referred to as a gas bacillus

A

Clostridium Perfrindens

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59
Q

The injection of a specialized chemical in conjunction with the routine arterial chemical

A

Co-injection

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60
Q

A fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of vascular (arterial) solutions

A

Co-injection Fluid

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61
Q

The irreversible cessation of brain activity and loss of consciousness; death beginning at the brain

A

Coma

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62
Q

Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process

A

Concurrent Disinfection

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63
Q

Method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during vascular (arterial) injection

A

Concurrent Drainage

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64
Q

Mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white portion of the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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65
Q

Transparent part of the tunic of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light into the interior

A

Cornea

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66
Q

That portion of the cornea recovered for transplantation. The cornea and sclera considered together comprising the tunica fibrosa or firbrous coat of the eye

A

Corneal Sclera Button

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67
Q

Legal term referring to a dead human body

A

Corpse

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68
Q

An official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths

A

Coroner

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69
Q

Having an abnormal amount o fat on the body

A

Corpulence aka Obesity

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70
Q

That part of the human skull which ecloses the brain

A

Cranium

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71
Q

A luminous appearance like a candle flame, superstitiously thought to prestage death

A

Death Candle

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72
Q

A kind of ignis fatuus (glow) supposed to forebode death

A

Death Fire

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73
Q

Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria

A

Decay

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74
Q

Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes

A

Decomposition

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75
Q

Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one

A

Deodorants
Masking Agents
Perfuming Agents

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76
Q

The deep layer of skin under the epidermis

A 
Derma
Dermis
Skin
Corium
True Skin
77
Q

Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

A

Dialysis

Selective Diffusion

78
Q

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration until uniform concentration is reached

A

Diffusion

79
Q

Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location; movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids

A

Diffusion Solution

80
Q

Anatomical terms describing fingers and toes

A

Digits

81
Q

An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores

A

Disinfectant

82
Q

The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body

A

Disinfection

83
Q

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries

A

Distribution Solution

84
Q

Condition that results when the body part that dies and little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed

A

Dry Gangrene

85
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities

A

Edema

Dropsy

86
Q

Free floating object in the blood stream

A

Embolism

87
Q

Procedures that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace such as sharps disposal container, self-sheathing needles

A

Engineering Controls

88
Q

An organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition

A

Enzyme

89
Q

The outermost layer of skin

Cuticle or scarf skin

A

Epidermis

90
Q

A microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that it can live and grow in the presence of oxygen

A

Facultative Aerobe

91
Q

An organism that prefers an oxygen environment but is capable of living and growing in its absence

A

Facultative Anaerobe

92
Q

Removal of particles (liquid or solid) from a solution, as it passes through a membrane or other partial barrier

A

Filtration

93
Q

The movement of arterial solution through the capillaries into the intercellular spaces, from an intravascular to an extravascular position

A

Fluid Diffusion

94
Q

The movement of the arterial solution from the point of injection through the blood vascular system

A

Fluid Distribution

95
Q

Colorless, strong smelling gas that when used in solution is a powerful preservative and disinfectant; a potential occupational carcinogen

A

Formaldehyde
HCHO
CH2O

96
Q

An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public and who also wrote the first embalming text

A

Jean Gannal

97
Q

Necrosis, death of tissues of part of the body usually due to deficient or absent blood supply

A

Gangrene

98
Q

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic; the arteries but not the veins are obstructed

A

Dry Gangrene

99
Q

Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by bacterial infection

A

Wet Gangrene

100
Q

Antemortem necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, the most common etiologic agent being clostridium perfringens

A

Gas Gangrene

101
Q

Extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body

A

Gravity Filtration

102
Q

Chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and to preserve

A

Hardening Compound

103
Q

An influential person in medical embalming who translated Gannal’s text into english and promoted embalming for sanitary purposes

A

Richard Harlan

104
Q

An influential person in medical embalming who discovered the circulation of blood in 1628

A

Dr. William Harvey

105
Q

The non protein portion of hemoglobin; the red pigment of the hemoglobin

A

Heme

106
Q

The red respiratory portion of the red blood cells; iron containing pigment of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to the cells

A

Hemoglobin

107
Q

Destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin

A

Hemolysis

108
Q

An influential person in medical embalming who is regarded as the”Father of Modern Embalming,” and “Father of Embalming in the United States”

A

Dr. Thomas Holmes

109
Q

Body of a deceased person, including cremated remains

A

Human Remains

110
Q

Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture

A

Humectant

111
Q

An influential person in medical embalming for whom Hunter’s Canal is named

A

John Hunter

112
Q

An influential person in medical embalming who is acknowledged as the first person to successfully adopt a method of arterial injection to preserve

A

Dr. William Hunter

113
Q

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

A

Hypertonic Solution

114
Q

Antemortem and/or postmortem settling of the blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body

A

Hypostasis

115
Q

A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

A

Hypotonic Solution

116
Q

A preparation aid used in mouth closure

It is inserted into a needle injector and forced into the mandible and maxilla

A

Injector Needle

117
Q

A type of suture used to close incisions in such a manner that the ligature remains entirely under the epidermis

A

Intradermal Suture

Hidden Stitch

118
Q

Between the cells of a structure

A

Intercellular

119
Q

Space between the ribs

A

Intercostal Space

120
Q

Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues; a type of restricted drainage

A

Intermittent Drainage

121
Q

Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells

A

Interstitial Fluid

122
Q

Within a cell or cells

A

Intracellular

123
Q

A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that of a standard of reference

A

Isotonic Solution

124
Q

Conditions characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow appearance of the patient

A

Jaundice

Icterus

125
Q

Wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue

A

Laceration

126
Q

A fine growth of downy hair which is sometimes found on the face of a baby

A

Lanugo

127
Q

Any change in structure produced during the course of a disease or injury

A

Lesion

128
Q

A chronic or acute disease of unregulated clonal proliferation of the stem cells of the blood forming tissues; resident cells eventually replaced by tumor cells

A

Leukemia

129
Q

Increase in number of leukocytes in the blood, generally caused by infection and usually transient

A

Leukocytosis

130
Q

A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure

A

Linear Guide

131
Q

Postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood can usually be cleared via arterial injection and drainage

A

Livor Mortis
Postmortem Lividity
Cadaveric Lividity

132
Q

A single, noose-like suture, not pulled taut before knotting, which stands from the skin and which anchors restorative materials

A

Loop Stitch

133
Q

The cavity or opening of a vein, artery, or intestine

The further away from the heart, the smaller this becomes

A

Lumen

134
Q

A specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues

A

Lysin

135
Q

Organelle that exists within a cell, but separate from the cell; contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates

A

Lysosome

136
Q

In its broadest sense, refers to the moistening, and softening, of any tissue decomposing in a liquid medium

A

Maceration

137
Q

An insect larva; especially flies

A

Maggot

138
Q

An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to note capillary circulation and was later known as the father of microscopic anatomy, father of histology

A

Marcello Malpighi

139
Q

The horseshoe shaped bone forming the inferior jaw

A

Mandible

140
Q

A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit

A

Maxilla

141
Q

Toward the midline

A

Medial

142
Q

An official elected or appointed to investigate suspicious or unnatural death

A

Medical Examiner

143
Q

That amount of radioactive material in which 37 million disintegrate each second

A

Millicurie

144
Q

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the embalming fluid to be used, type of embalming, the environment, and the embalming fluid to be used

A

Modifying Agents

145
Q

Space between the roof of the mouth and the flood of the cranial cavity

A

Nasal Cavity

146
Q

Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement

A

Necrobiosis

147
Q

A postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition

A

Autopsy

Necropsy

148
Q

Pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism

A

Necrosis

149
Q

A mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone

A

Needle Injector

150
Q

The mouth and the vestibule, or the opening to the throat

A

Oral Cavity

151
Q

The passage of solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

Hindered Diffusion

152
Q

Method by which solutes and/or solvents cross through a membrane with no energy provided by the cells of the membrane

A

Passive Transport System

153
Q

To force a fluid through and organ or tissue, especially by way of the blood vessels; injection during vascular embalming

A

Perfusion

154
Q

The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances
Based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an eight hour work shift
When these are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure
For formaldehyde, this is .75 ppm

A

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

155
Q

Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin

A

Petechia

156
Q

An antiseptic/disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach

A

Phenol

Carbolic Acid

157
Q

Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation

A

Pitting Edema

158
Q

Extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessels walls and into the body tissues aka laking

A

Postmortem Stain

159
Q

The action of a force against an opposing force

A

Pressure

160
Q

That pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body

A

Actual Pressure

161
Q

The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls measured in millimeters of mercury

A

Blood Pressure

162
Q

The difference between potential and actual pressure

A

Differential Pressure

163
Q

The amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within or on the vascular system

A

Injection Pressure

164
Q

Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration

A

Intravascular Pressure

165
Q

The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running an the arterial tubing is clamped off

A

Potential Pressure

166
Q

Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary causing passage of embalming fluid from an intravascular to a wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids

A

Pressure Filtration

167
Q

Organic compound found in plants and animals; can be broken down into amino acids

A

Protein

168
Q

A suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position

A

Purse String Suture

169
Q

Supplemental fluid, used with the regular arterial solution, whose purpose is to retain body moisture and retard decomposition

A

Restorative Fluid aka Humectant

170
Q

Method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised

A

Restricted Cervical Injection

171
Q

Inner lining of the eye that receives the images formed by the lens and transmits those images to the brain through the optic nerve

A

Retina

172
Q

An influential person in medical embalming who is known as the Father of Embalming

A

Frederick Ruysch

173
Q

Process of soap formation; as related to decomposition, the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax

A

Saponification

174
Q

Pathologic state, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the blood or other tissues

A

Sepsis

175
Q

Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood

A

Septicemia

176
Q

Legal limits established by OSHA to which worker can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury
Exposures at this should not be for more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times per work day

A

Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)

177
Q

Drug-induced edema wherein the excess fluid is located within the cell. Upon palpation, there is no noticeable depression

A

Solid Edema

178
Q

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

Solute

179
Q

Liquid containing dissolved substance

A

Solution

180
Q

A liquid holding another substance in solution

A

Solvent

181
Q

Death of the organism as a whole

A

Somatic Death

182
Q

Distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air; an antemortem condition brought about by a surgical procedure or trauma

A

Subcutaneous Emphysema

183
Q

Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection

A

Supplemental Fluid

184
Q

Chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures

A

Surfactant

185
Q

Postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus

A

Tissue Gas

186
Q

An evaluation of exposures that are time weighted over an established period
Allows the exposure levels to be averaged generally over an eight hour time period

A

Time-Weighted Average

187
Q

Father of bacteriology
He made his own microscopes which were superior to any of that time
Gave the first complete account of the red blood cell
Demonstrated the capillary connections between arteries and veins
Father of Microbiology

A

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

188
Q

Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed
Prohibiting recapping of needles

A

Work Practice Controls

189
Q

A method of sewing an incision along the edges without entering the opening whereby the suture becomes invisible and the line of suture becomes depressed, which lends it ease of concealment by waxing

A

Worm Suture
Inversion
Draw Stitch

Advanced Embalming (24 decks)

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