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Hematology Exam 1 > Venipuncture Equipment > Flashcards

Venipuncture Equipment Flashcards

(115 cards)

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0
Q

What are the components of an ETS?

A

Double-pointed needle
Holder
Color-coded collection tubes

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1
Q

What is an Evacuated Tube System (ETS)?

A

Most frequently used collection system, collected directly into the evacuated tube
Minimizes biohazard exposure

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the ETS needles?

A

Multisample
Hypodermic
Winged blood collection sets
Various lengths & gauges

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3
Q

What is the length of ETS needles for routine venipuncture?

A

1 inch & 1.5 inch

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4
Q

What are the gauges/diameters for ETS needles?

A

Large - 26 gauge

Small - 23 gauge

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5
Q

What are the uses for the different gauges of needles?

A

Large - collection of units of blood

Small - small veins

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6
Q

What are color-codes for on ETS needles?

A

They are used for gauge

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7
Q

What is the structure of ETS needles from bottom to top?

A 
Hub
Shaft
Lumen
Bevel
Point
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8
Q

What is an example of a multisample needle?

A

Double-pointed ends

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9
Q

What are the different ends for on a double-pointed ends needle?

A

One end for venipuncture

One end to puncture the rubber stopper of the evacuated tube that is covered by a rubber sheath

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10
Q

What are some needle engineering controls?

A

Safety shields

Blunting devices

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11
Q

What are characteristics of needle holders?

A

Tube-advancing line
Flared ends
Disposable - discarded with the used needle
Safety shields

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12
Q

What are characteristics of needle disposal systems?

A

Rigid & puncture resistant sharps container

Labeled with “biohazard”
Sealable & lockable

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13
Q

What is the premeasured vacuum of evacuated collection tubes?

A

1.8 to 15 mL

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14
Q

What are the volume selections for evacuated collection tubes?

A

Amount of blood needed
Age of the patient
Size & quality of the patients veins
Needle gauge used

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of evacuated tubes?

A

Sterile
Silicone coated
Label information
Rubber stoppper

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16
Q

What is on the label information on evacuated tubes?

A

Additives or anticoagulants
Draw volume
Expiration date

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17
Q

What are color-coded tubes indicating?

A

Type of specimen - additives & anticoagulants
Anticoagulated blood - yields whole blood or plasma
Nonadditive tubes or clot activator tubes - yields serum
Dictated by specific laboratory tests

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18
Q

What do anticoagulated blood tubes yield?

A

Whole blood or plasma

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19
Q

What do nonadditive tubes or clot activator tubes yield?

A

Serum

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20
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid portion of whole blood containing water, electrolytes, glucose, proteins, etc.
Contains all the clotting factors necessary for coagulation in inactive form

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21
Q

What is serum?

A

The fluid that remains after the plasma has clotted

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22
Q

What should you do with evacuated tubes?

A

Tap to loosen dried anticoagulant
Must be filled to the designated volume
Important to thoroughly but gently mix by inversion
Blood from different tube types can not be mixed

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23
Q

What is in the lavender stopper?

A

EDTA - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

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24
Why can't lavender stopper tubes be used for coagulation studies?
Because EDTA interferes with Factor V & thrombin-fibrinogen reaction
25
What does EDTA do?
It is an anticoagulant that binds calcium
26
How is EDTA used in hematology testing?
Maintains cellular integrity Inhibits platelet clumping Staining interference is avoided
27
Is the additive in the lavender stopper an anticoagulant?
Yes
28
What does the lavender stopper yield?
Blood or plasma
29
What is the additive in the light blue stopper?
Sodium citrate
30
Is sodium citrate an anticoagulant?
Yes
31
What does sodium citrate do?
Binds calcium
32
What is the ratio of blood to anticoagulant in the light blue stopper?
9:1 & it must be completely filled
33
What are light blue stoppers used for?
Coagulation studies
34
What do light blue stoppers yield?
Blood or plasma
35
What are CTAD tubes specialized for?
Platelet testing
36
Dark blue tubes are special for what?
Fibrin degradation products
37
What is the additive in dark blue tubes?
Soybean trypsin inhibitor
38
What additives are in the green stopper?
Heparin
39
What ions are in the green stopper that work with heparin?
Sodium ion Lithium ion Ammonium ion
40
Is heparin an anticoagulant?
Yes
41
What does the green stopper yield?
Blood or plasma
42
What is the action of heparin?
Inhibits thrombin
43
What are green stoppers primarily used for?
Chemistry tests
44
What are the additives in the red/gray or gold stopper?
``` Silica Separation gel (SST) ```
45
What is silica used for?
A clot activator that reduces clotting time
46
What does separation gel (SST) do?
Gel changes viscosity during centrifugation
47
What is SST not recommended for?
Therapeutic drug testing Blood bank Certain serology & immunology
48
What does the red/gray or gold stopper yield?
Serum
49
What are the additives in the red (plain) stopper in glass tubes?
None
50
What is in the red (plain) plastic stopper?
Silica
51
What does the red (plain) stopper in plastic tubes yield?
Serum
52
How long does it take to clot in the red (plain) stopper glass tubes?
60 mins
53
What are red (plain) stopper in plastic tubes used for?
Serum chemistry & serology tests
54
Is there a gel separator in the red (plain) stopper in plastic tubes?
No
55
What is the use for the order of the draw?
Collected in a specific, predetermined order
56
How can an out-of-order draw affect test results?
Bacterial contamination Tissue fluid contamination Additive/anticoagulant carry-over
57
What happens when anticoagulant transfer between tubes?
EDTA & heparin falsely increase coagulation studies EDTA can affect chemistry tests due to calcium binding Heparin will affect the properties of serum Box 8-2
58
What happens when contamination of a sterile specimen occurs?
Blood culture specimens are always collected first when ordered
59
What is the additive in a pink stopper?
EDTA
60
What are pink stoppers used for?
Immunohematology
61
What do pink stoppers yield?
Blood or plasma
62
What is the additive in the white stopper?
EDTA
63
What are white stoppers used for?
Plasma preparation tubes (PPT)
64
What do white stoppers yield?
Blood or plasma
65
What is the additive in black stoppers?
Buffered sodium citrate
66
What are black stoppers used for?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
67
What is the ratio of blood to additive in the black stopper?
4:1
68
What is the additive in the light green stopper?
Heparin with lithium
69
What type of gel is in the light green stopper?
Plasma separator tubes (PST) / gel barrier tubes | Inert separation gel
70
What are light green stoppers used for?
Potassium determination
71
What do light green stoppers yield?
Plasma
72
What additives are in the gray stopper?
Sodium fluoride | Potassium oxalate
73
What does sodium fluoride do?
Preserves glucose (antiglycolytic); not an anticoagulant
74
What does potassium oxalate do?
Anticoagulant | Binds calcium
75
What are gray stoppers used for?
Glucose determination & blood alcohol levels
76
What do gray stoppers yield?
Blood or plasma
77
What are the additives in the royal blue stopper?
Clot activator for serum
78
What anticoagulants can be added to the royal blue stopper?
EDTA | Sodium heparin
79
What are royal blue stoppers used for?
Toxicology Trace metal analysis Nutritional analysis
80
What do royal blue stoppers yield?
Serum
81
What is the additive in tan stoppers?
EDTA | Less than 0.1 ug/mL of lead
82
What is the tan stopper used for?
Lead determination
83
What are the types of yellow stoppers?
Acid citrate dextrose (ACD) | Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (sterile)
84
What is the purpose of the acid citrate dextrose (ACD) yellow stopper?
Cellular studies in blood bank & immunology | Binds calcium & preserves red blood cells
85
What is the sodium polyanethol sulfonate (sterile) yellow stopper used for?
Culture of microorganisms (blood cultures) | Binds calcium & aids microbial growth
86
What are the additives in the light blue/black stopper?
Sodium citrate Cell preparation tubes (CPT) Gel
87
What are the light blue/black stoppers used for?
Density gradient liquid Separation of mononuclear cells from plasma/blood Molecular diagnostics testing
88
What is the additive in the red/green stopper?
``` Sodium heparain (CPT) Polyester gel ```
89
What is the red/green stopper used for?
Density gradient liquid | Molecular diagnostics testing
90
What is the additive in the yellow/gray & orange stopper?
Clot activator - thrombin
91
What does thrombin do in the yellow/gray & orange stopper?
Faster clot formation - within 5 minutes
92
What are yellow/gray & orange stoppers used for?
STAT serum chemistry determinations | Used on patients receiving anticoagulation therapy
93
What do yellow/gray & orange stoppers yield?
Serum
94
What are anticoagulants or additives in the red/light gray & clear stoppers?
None
95
What are red/light gray & clear stoppers used for?
Discard tubes | Collect blood to discard - important when using winged blood collection sets to collect coagulation studies
96
What is the CLSI recommended order of draw?
1. blood cultures (SPS or culture bottles) 2. light blue (sodium citrate) 3. red/gray or gold, red (glass or plastic) 4. green or light green (heparin, all types) 5. lavender (EDTA), pink, or white 6. gray (sodium fluoride, potassium oxalate) 7. yellow/gray-orange (thrombin clot activator)
97
What are syringes used for?
Smaller veins
98
What are the control of suction pressure in syringes for?
Manual withdrawal of syringe plunger | Creates vacuu,
99
What type off barrel is used in a syringe?
Graduated barrel
100
What needle is used with a syringe?
Hypodermic syringe needle
101
What are the parts of a syringe?
Luerlock tip Barrel Plunger
102
What must hypodermic syringe needles have?
Safety shields
103
What are blood transfer devices used for?
To safely transfer blood from syringe to evacuated tube
104
What is the syringe order of the draw?
Same order as the ETS system
105
What are winged blood collection sets (butterflies) used for?
Venipunctures on very small veins | IV infusion of fluids
106
What are the measurements of winged blood collection sets?
21 or 23 gauge 1/2- to 3/4- in length Attached to flexible tubing (0.5 mL volume)
107
What are tourniquets used for?
Impedes venous but not arterial blood flow below application site Disposable latex or non-latex Sephygmomanometer inflated to 40 mmHg
108
What are vein locating devices used for?
Locating nonvisible veins | High intensity LED light
109
What are the characteristics of gloves?
``` OSHA mandate Non-sterile Proper fit Powder free Nonlatex or latex - glove liners ```
110
What are puncture site protections?
Antiseptic - 70% isopropyl alcohol primary for venipuncture & bacteriostatic Stronger antiseptic used for blood cultures - iodine & chlorhexidine gluconate
111
Bandage characteristics are?
2x2 inch gauze pads - for pressure application Cover with bandage or adhesive tape - latex free Self-adhering bandage - coban/coflex Instruct patient on removing bandages
112
What are some additional supplies for venipuncture?
Glass slides Biohazard transport bags Alcohol-based hand sanitizer Labeling pen
113
Quality control of equipment includes?
Ensuring sterility - packaging intact Visual inspection of needles for defects Checking for expiration dates
114
What happens when tubes are used past expiration date?
Short draws Clotted anticoagulated samples Improperly preserved samples Insecure gel barriers

Hematology Exam 1 (7 decks)

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