Virology11

Question 1

Retroviruses are able to —— in our genome,with a genome of ——that can become —– eg.—–
Type A is (infectious/not)—— and (extracellular/intra)—–
Type B causes—– in vitro in —-
TypeC are (largest/smallest) —– eg.——

Answer 1

Integrate
RNa
DNA
HIV
Not infectious/ intracellular
Cancer in mice
Largest - lentiviruses (HIV)

Question 2

HTLV-1 and HTLV2 causes —– and are grouped with —– under retroviruses

Answer 2

Cancer

HIV

Question 3

T or F
Endogenous reroviruses are present in all cells and are not pathogenic
While exogenous are pathogenic

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T or F

Endogenous retroviruses can’t become pathogenic

Answer 4

False

If they aquire certain modification they will become an infectious agent

Question 5

T or F

Endo Retroviruses can’t integrate their genome in ours

Answer 5

False
All can (eg. Integration of HTL1 ane HtL2 of the onc gene)

Question 6

T or F

Cancer occurance after HiV infection is a hallmark of the disease (caused by HIV)

Answer 6

False

Question 7

The main hallmark of HIV infection is——-

Answer 7

Sever immunodiffciency (T4 count drop)

Question 8

T or F

Immunodifficiency caused by HIV is irreversible even if we are giving anti-retroviral treatment

Answer 8

False it’s reversible once we start the anti retroviral tx

Question 9

SIVcpz:

SIVsm

Answer 9

Simian immunodiff virus (chimpanze)

Sooty mangabey

Question 10

HIV 1 evolved from—— while 2 evolved from——

Most cases of HIV in africa is —- while the most spread around the world is—-

Answer 10

Cpz
Sm
HIV 2
HIV1

Question 11

Genome of HIV1:
Envelope:
Nucleocapsid:
RT: +-

Answer 11

RNA virus +
2 ss copies of the same strand (reserve) not segmented as influenza
Enveloped
Unique nucleocapsid (cone shaped) (cylindrical nucleoid)
RT +

Question 12

Main segments of HIV genome:
1-
2-
3-

Answer 12

1-gag
2-pol
3-env

Question 13

Envelope proteins:

With matrix proteins

Answer 13

Gp120

Gp41

Question 14

Rep of HIV

Answer 14

1- attachment of gp120 then expose more receptors for more powerful binding
2- adsoption (fusion) aka uncoating
3- DNA provirus 
4- integration
5- transcription
6- full transcript or 
7- genomic RNa or subgenomic(mRNA) that will form the proteins
8- viral protease gag-pol
9- virus ready to be released

Question 15

1-Env proteins+ bunding site:
2- co Receptors:
3- protein that will allow fusion

Answer 15

1-SU : gp120 (bind to cd4 on T4, macrophages dendritic cells and astrocytes) and TM (transmembrane gp41)
2- expressed after binding of gp120: those are CCR5 and CXCR4
3- gp41

Question 16

Pol gene will give 3 proteins list them

Answer 16

PR for protease
RT for reverse transcriptase ( RNA by RT will become ssDNA, double helix of DNA and RNA , RNAse activity then polymerase activity and it will become a dsDNA be taken to nucleus)
IN for integrase ( integrate ds DNA, let it become a provirus)

Question 17

Gag gene will give 4 proteins list 2 of them:

Answer 17

MA (matrix p17)

CA (capsid p24)

Question 18

LTRs in the genome are responsible for the —— and will attract the —– for ——
And even if this part of DNa is not active it will become active.

Answer 18

Attacment of this genome to the host genome
Host cell machinery
Transcription (act as promotor)

Question 19

T or F

Rev, tat, vpr vif vpu nef are found in all retroviruses

Answer 19

False only in HIV

Question 20

Tat:
Role of tat:
Other genes(eg. Rev,vpr) role:

Answer 20

Transactivator
Activates the expression (amplification of the transcription)
Downregulation of CD4 receptor count on surface of cell (inrocognizable by immune system)

Question 21

T or F

Once the integration of Viral DNA happens it will stay forever

Answer 21

T (persistent infection)

Question 22

T or F

Antiretroviral tx can help against the latency of the virus

Answer 22

False

Question 23

T or F

HIV causes immune dysregulation presented by anergy before immunosuppresion

Answer 23

True

Question 24

MOT of HIV
1-
2-
3-

Answer 24

Sexual relations (penetrative or not)
Contaminated blood
Transplacentally

Question 25

The most efficient transmission of HIV is thru-----

Answer 25

Direct blood

Question 26

Why MSM has a higher risk of getting infected with HIV?

Answer 26

Because usually during anal sex the rectum is not lubricated as the vagina which will predispose it to microscopic cuts that will transmit the HIV

Question 27

Why oral sex have lower risk of infection with HIV?

Answer 27

Because usually saliva kills HIV virus unless the reciever has a dental extract or a small cut.

Question 28

T or F | Sexual or any body fluid on a wound will have 60% risk of infection

Answer 28

False | 100% will be infected

Question 29

T or F | Risk of getting HIV without presence of wounds is 13%

Answer 29

False | 0.5-3 (awal she helu byehke l dr)

Question 30

Steps of infection:

Answer 30

1- primary infection 2- dissemenation to the nearest LN then to all LN in a latent phase inside the T4 or macrophages (this stage is the first in case of blood transfusion) 3- clinical latency (2-10 years) (if i do elisa or pcr i should detect it) ( the virus is killing T4 slowly) 4- elevated expression of HIV 5- clinical disease ( production cycle of viral replication)

Question 31

T or F | The risk of women getting HIV from a HIV+ man is higher than a man getting HIV from HIV positve woman

Answer 31

Yesss Because vagina have mucosa(more dendritic cells but not more than that in rectumi.e MSM is more risky) while the penis is covered by skin. All cases can be solved by remembering this anatomy

Question 32

Highest risk of getting HIV is between------ while the lowest is ------- but the full risk is ------

Answer 32

Man to man Woman to woman Through blood

Question 33

T or F | Uncircumsised males have lower risk of getting HiV

Answer 33

False | Higher because they have more mucosal cells

Question 34

T or F | We can easily recognize the primary infection of HIV from EBV and CMV

Answer 34

False | It's hard

Question 35

After 2 months of infection CD4 count will----- while that of viral load will----- till -----(number) T4 count will decrease till ----- this is the depletion of T4 Below----- this is AIDS (aydez)

Answer 35

``` Decrease Increase 10^8 300-500 200 ```

Question 36

CMV can cause ------ in AIDs stage Candida can cause------ Herpes can cause------

Answer 36

Retinitis Esophageal candida Esophageal ulcers

Question 37

Case of the man with anal ulcer with HIV but taking his medication 🥹 We treat him as a normal patient It's mostly the case of dehydration and constipation

Question 38

Stage 3 of HIV infection have a T4 count of -------- with a clinical evidence of ------

Answer 38

200 | Documentation of AIDs defining conditions or indicators (eshya khasa bas bl HIV)

Question 39

``` T or F Seborrhoeic dermatitis Angular chelitis Papular pruritic eruptions Fungal nail infection Are found in HIV patients always ```

Answer 39

False