Virology5

Question 1

Corona virus

Genome:
Length of genome:
Envelope:
Shape of nucleocapsid:

Answer 1

Genome : ssRNA positive non segmented
30 kb
Envelope: present
Shape: helical

Question 2

15-30% of cases of common cold are caused by ——-

Answer 2

Corona virus

Question 3

All that have helical nucleocapside have——- except —–

Answer 3

Negative RNA

Corona

Question 4

Corona have the longest —— in viruses and most complicated

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

2/3 from the genome is dedicated for ——- aka—–

Answer 5

Replication
Reverse transcriptase complex
Replicase system

Question 6

Genome for corona:

Answer 6

+ 5’ lead UTR R S E M N UTR poly A 3’

Question 7

R for
S for
E for
M for
N protein

Answer 7

Replicase 
Spike
Envelope
Membrane
Capsid

Question 8

Host receptor for corona

Answer 8

ACE (cardiovascular)

DDP4 (in stomach)

Question 9

Ace are found on —-

Answer 9

Cardiovascular system

Question 10

Steps of corona replication:

Answer 10

1- fusion
2- ORF 1 +
3- ORF -
4- orf + (this will be the genome of the new born viruses)
5- HE S E M N are fragments (mRNA) that will be involved in protein synthesis for nucleocapsid

Question 11

After uncoating the first step in replication will be ——– because the genome is —-stranded
Second it makes ———
Third—— subgenomic —-
Then transcription of the —– strand to form —–

Answer 11

Translation of RNA dependent RNA polymerase 
\+
Complementary - strand
Nested set of subgenomic mRNA
Negative strand to form the positive

Question 12

Ovelapping genes present in corona genome will form —— after ——
And those proteins will form ——-

Answer 12

Replucative Nsps
Splicing into small proteins
Replicase complex

Question 13

Copying the first 2/3 from the genome is (conti/dis)—— corresponding to—–while that of the last 1/3 is —— corresponding to —–

Answer 13

Continuous-replicase complex

Discontinuous - subgenomic mRNA

Question 14

T or F

Sg RNA are directly used after being transcribed from the + strand genome

Answer 14

False
Because the result will be a negative stranded RNA
The virus should do a complementary + strand

Question 15

Corona causes (chronic/self-limited)—- respiratory infections except in——

Answer 15

Self-limited

Neonates, elderly and people with comorbidities

Question 16

T orF

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is one of the first deadliest virus to be discovered in pigs (livestock)

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T or F

Corona viruses are not present in companion aninals

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Murine hepatitis virus is —– hepatitis virus and causes —— and it (can/can’t)—- infect humans but it’s used as —— to —–

Answer 18

Mice
Demyelination disease
Can't
Model 
Understand corona viruses

Question 19

—–order, coronaviridae is the family and we have —– genera

Answer 19

Nidovirales

4

Question 20

We have —-genera for coronaviridiae family from —— order

Answer 20

4 genera

Nidovirale

Question 21

What are the genera that infect humans?

Birds?

Answer 21

Alpha and beta

Delta and gamma

Question 22

T or F

Alpha are more genetically variable than alpha

Answer 22

False

Question 23

T or F

Alpha and beta are only found in humans

Answer 23

False

In rodents and bats too

Question 24

How many corona viruses infect humans?

List the ones that cause common cold and others that cause respiratory disease.

Answer 24

7
2 alpha cause common cold (229E and NL63)
5 beta HKU1 and OC43 (common cold)
Respiratory diseases (MERS, SARS cov1 and SARS cov2)

Question 25

``` Sars cov1 MR: Source: Duration of spread: Target: Country: ```

Answer 25

9% Indirectly from bats to wet animal markets by closely related viruses that made mutation Spread only after onset of illness(symptoms) Epithelial cells of alveolar cells type 1 China 2002

Question 26

T or F | Sars cov2 can't be transmitted if the patient us asymptomatic

Answer 26

False

Question 27

T or F Data showed that not much ppl have Abs against sars cov 1 unlike the other corona viruses where we have much more antibodies

Answer 27

True | This showed that we were exposed before to those viruses

Question 28

``` Supersoreaders are people that------- We see superspreaders in : 1- 2- 3- 4- ```

Answer 28

``` Infect more than 10 each Sars TB Ebola Rubella ```

Question 29

``` Mers-cov MR: Country: Source: Receptor: Vector: ```

Answer 29

``` 50% initially and dropped to 40% Saudi arabia 2012 Bats-camels (intermediate host) DDP4 Adenovirus vector ```

Question 30

T or F | DDP4 receptors are found in mice

Answer 30

False And that's why we don't have an animal model We used the adenovirus vector

Question 31

Adenovirus vectors are like the ones in ------ and ------ used nowadays, where they introduce the mRNA but in ------ after ------ them

Answer 31

Sinopharm and sputnik Adenovirus Empteying

Question 32

``` SARS cov2 Direct effect: Indirect effect: Variant of interest: Variants of concern: ```

Answer 32

Overwhelmed health care system Crippled economy by the ripple effect 2nd and 3rd wave

Question 33

Sars cov1 underwent ------ small mutations and shifted to sars cov2 that's highly -------

Answer 33

2 | Infectious

Question 34

MOT: Duration of the infection: MR:

Answer 34

1-Droplet transmission Before after and without symptoms 2-Respiratory droplets of close contact and fomites 3-aerosol generating procedures (intubation) 3-nosocomial infection 4- possible fecal-oral and transplacental 2.2

Question 35

T or F | N95 is not useful in any case

Answer 35

It's true that a normal mask can protect from covid But if intubation failed and the patient did a cough reflex in the whole room It's preferred to wear N95

Question 36

``` Risk factors for covid: 1 2- 3 4 5 6 7 8 ```

Answer 36

``` Older than 60 Obesity Cardiovascular disease Chronic kidney disease Chronic lung disease Smoking Cancer Transplant patients Same as in legionella and influenza ```

Question 37

People with comorbodities have ------ higher rate of hospitalization, males (<\>) ---- from females, and -------- minorities All depend on their ------- factors

Answer 37

6-12 times Males >females Racial ethnic Psychosocial economic factors

Question 38

T or F | The genetic factors doesn't play a role in covid aggresivity

Answer 38

False

Question 39

T or F | Covid is only a respiratory virus

Answer 39

False and vascular

Question 40

``` Pathogenisis Early: Late: Effects on body: 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- ```

Answer 40

Viral mediated Immunopathological (cytokine storm) 1-Endotheliitis 2-RAAS dysregulation (activation) 3-Kallikrein bradykinin 4-Cell contraction (exsudation from lungs to parenchyma) 5-IL1beta mediates inflammation and fibrosis on the long run

Question 41

T or F | Cytokine storm is absent in children

Answer 41

T

Question 42

T or F | Fibrosis of the lungs is irreversible

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T or F | Healthy microbiota and healthy diet doesn't affect covid infetion

Answer 43

False | An important example that ppl that have fear from covid stops eating and that affects them negatively

Question 44

T or F | Cytokines doesn't induce anorexia as prodrome

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Ageusia is the loss of ------

Answer 45

Taste

Question 46

Things that differentiate covid from others: 1- 2- 3-

Answer 46

Abdominal pain as ulcer Heachache as vibration or needles Joint pain also as needle like headache

Question 47

``` Stages of covid illness 1-asymptomatic 2- mild 3-moderate 4-severe 5-critical ```

Answer 47

Shufun aal slide

Question 48

Which imaging tech i can use to detect fibrosis?

Answer 48

CT scan chest without contrast

Question 49

T or F | Covid can cause myocardial infarction

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Extrapulmonary manifestations of covid:

Answer 50

CVS: myocarditis-hypercoagulabilty-acute coronary syndrome Hematological: leukopenia-thrombocytopenia-neutrophilia CNS: anosmia ageusia and encephalitis Rashes: maculopapular rash, urticaria GI: diarrhea anorexia nausea and vomitting Increased liver enzymes

Question 51

The most common cutaneous manifestation of covid is : | Cause:

Answer 51

``` Pseudo chilblains ( covid toes) (40% of cutaneous manufestations of covid) Interferonopathy (immunopathological) ```

Question 52

Complications:

Answer 52

Progressive or sudden clinical deterioration Acute respiratory failure :sudden drop in o2 ARDS: exageration of the immune sustem that destroys the lungs Malignant arryhthmias: uncontrolable Cardiomyopathy: like coxsakie Acute renal failure (most common)

Question 53

Chronic fatigue syndrome happens after ------ after covid exposure associated with ------ ,----- and ----

Answer 53

Long period Anxiety Psychotic episodes Depression

Question 54

T or F Patients with severe clinical presentation during covid infection period are the most susceptible to post-covid syndrome with neuropsychiatric symptoms

Answer 54

False | Le ma bayan eendn kter hene l more

Question 55

T or F | Secondary bacterial infections are highly noticed while recovery

Answer 55

False | Fungal like aspergillosis and rhino-cerebro-orbital mucomycosis

Question 56

Vaccines only names are required:

Answer 56

``` Biontech pfizer Moderna Janssen Snipharm (adeno) Sputnik (adeno) ``` monoclonal antibodies lezm awl l infection naatehn