Virology4

Question 1

H1N1 is the —– flu caused a pandemic in ——(year)

Answer 1

Spanish in 1918 (50-100 mill deaths)

Swine in 2009

Question 2

Orthomyxoviruses

Genome:
Shape:
Envelope:
RNA polymerases:

Answer 2

Genome: single stranded (-)segmented(7-8) - RNA
Shape: helical
Envelope:present
Polymerases: PB1, PB2, PA

Question 3

M2 is a —— protein (location) works as an——

Answer 3

Matrix protein

Ion channel

Question 4

Glycoproteins of influenza:
1-
2-

Answer 4

1- NA : neuraminidase

2- HA: hemagglutinin

Question 5

Hemagglutinin role:

Answer 5

Induce agglutination of red blood cells

Question 6

T or F

Influenza C makes mutation

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Influenza A viruses are named according to their glycoproteins
How many H do we have?
How many N do we have?
How we have antigenic variability in influenza?

Answer 7

18 H
11 N
Genetic reassortment

Question 8

Hemagglutinin uses the proteases of —— or —— once it’s cleaved by —- and —-, —— fuses with the membrane then the virus is ——-

Answer 8

Respiratory tract
Plasmin
HA1 and HA2
Second subunit
Endocytosed

Question 9

Neuraminidase is important in the —— mechanism, where the virus is still attached till a protease will cut.

Answer 9

Release

Question 10

Replication of influenza:
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
Caps are gained from-----

Answer 10

1- -ve RNA with RNA polymerase of the virus will go to the nucleus.
2- + RNA is formed
3- PB1 will copies + templates to make -
4- some + rna will go to cytoplasm as mRNA to make the viral proteins
5- viral proteins will go to ER-golgi to budd out as vesicles and insert in PM
6- budding (out of the cells)

Host cell ( non structural proteins)

Question 11

T or F

Covid is - sense RNA

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Antigenic shift:
Antigenic drift:
No shift in —- and —–

Answer 12

Shift : RNA gene reassortment to make new strains
Drift : caused by mutation, no repair system in viruses
B and C

Question 13

Neuraminidase —— the viscosity of the mucus thus allowing it’s spread in the ——
Once one cell gets infected it will move to the—-
IP for influenza

Answer 13

Decreases
Respiratory tract
Near by cells

1-2 days

Question 14

Mode of transmission of influenza

Effect of cough:

Answer 14

Airborne droplets
Contact with surfaces
Fomites
Cough reflex may reduce the advancement of the disease by reducing the inoculum

Question 15

IP for influenza:
Factors affecting:
Infectious window:

Answer 15

Few days
Depends on the infectious dose and immune status
After sneezing and coughing by 1 week(5 days)

Question 16

Cell destruction causes —— release

Answer 16

Interferon

Question 17

T or F

Destruction of cells will cause lifelong damage because basal layer is destroyed

Answer 17

False

We will have regeneration because basal layer is not destroyed

Question 18

Uncomplicated inlfuenza symptoms:

Location:

Answer 18

• abrupt
• chills headache(frontal) and dry cough
• fever(mesh fu2 41) myalgia malaise and anorexia

URT

Question 19

T or F

Influenza B causes the common cold

Answer 19

False

C

Question 20

In pediatrics influenza may cause:
1-
2-
3-
4-

Answer 20

1- febrile seizures (higher fever)( disturbance of brain electricity)
2- GI problems (proximity)
3- higher fever
4- croup (laryngitracheobronchitis)

Question 21

High risk patients: khuf mn l pneumonia
1-
2-
3-

Answer 21

Elderly
Pregnant
People with comorbidities

Question 22

Viral infections can cause —— which is also caused by—–

Answer 22

ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

Burns

Question 23

Lethal impact of influenza:

Answer 23

Cardiopulmonary deaths

Question 24

Reye syndrome:
Affected group: mainly—–
Cause:
Complications:

Answer 24

-Children
-Took aspirin ( saliciyic acid ) with infection (varicella or FLu A and B)
-acute liver failure and encephalopathy
(Reye’s syndrome)

Question 25

Avoiiiiiddddd ------ in young children

Answer 25

Aspirinnn

Question 26

``` Swine flu reassortment: 1- 2- 3- 4- Have --- to --- transmission ```

Answer 26

North america Eurasian swine Avian Human Human to human

Question 27

Swine flu have same severity as -----

Answer 27

Seasonal flu

Question 28

MR of corona is -----

Answer 28

2.2

Question 29

Herald wave:

Answer 29

Spring influenza wave that makes us predict what will be the next strain

Question 30

The problem in influenza pandemics is -------

Answer 30

Overwhelming the healthcare system

Question 31

Lung attachment by--- virus will go inside , there is a release of ---- and ---- When the WBC reach the site the ---- will make damage that facilitates the growth of ----- Then we will have----

Answer 31

``` HA Cytokines and interferons Cytokines Bacteria Another cytokine storm ```

Question 32

T or F | Bacterio-influenzal pneumonia is more common that influenzal

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Bacterial protease from -----are capable of cleaving ----

Answer 33

S aureus | HA

Question 34

T or F | We may have bacterial infection even after recovery from the virus

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T or F | Most will not have disease if they are infected with the same strain

Answer 35

True

Question 36

``` Spanish flu Year: Deaths: Deadly for : Reservoir of assortment: Complications in: ```

Answer 36

``` 1918 50 mill to 100 mill (3-5% of whole pop) 20 - 40 year Pig 48 hrs ```

Question 37

Inactivated influenza vaccine is done by----(1938) The virus was discovered ---- In first wave spanish flu did-----cause infectivity increase in second wave.

Answer 37

Salk and francis 1930 Drift mutation Drift mutation (one mutation)

Question 38

T ir F | Avian was the ancestor of all the following

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Sick birds are ------ of avian influenza (---) ----borne Causes ----- infection in humans and lethal in -----

Answer 39

``` Mobile reservoir for avian influenza H5N1 (Laanu ma by2telun) Water borne Inaperant Chicks and turkey ```

Question 40

All human pandemic strains are ------ In humans influeza that reached humans are of strains: Intermediate host of avian:

Answer 40

Reassortants between animal anf human viruses H18: 1-2-3-5-7-9 N11: 1-2 Swine

Question 41

How to recognize sick bird?

Answer 41

Slide 15

Question 42

How infected poultry could spread the virus?

Answer 42

Slide 16

Question 43

1997 H5N1 oandemic

Question 44

Immunity against inluenza Subtype: Immunity agaisnt HA: Immunity agaisnt NA:

Answer 44

Specific Prevention of initiation Prevents transmision and severity(mucous)

Question 45

Every 10-40 years no enough people will have ------

Answer 45

Immunity that the pandemic had risen

Question 46

Pandemic kl ------ beseru | Baynama l epidemics every ----

Answer 46

10-20-30 years | 2-3-5 years

Question 47

T or F | No long life immunity in influenza

Answer 47

True Always reinfections But milder presentations

Question 48

T or F | There is a cross protection of A B and C

Answer 48

Falseeeee ma khasun | Kl hada eendu antigens gher

Question 49

Diagnosis: | Tx

Answer 49

Swab after 3 days of symptoms (mtl l pcr l matrah) M2 ion channel inhibitors (amantadine and rimantadine (ma mnstaamln) NA inhibitors : -mivir for A and B for new borns masaln Oseltamivir prevents cleavage of NA to be released Circulating strains are resistant to M2 channel inhibitors

Question 50

After symptoms by 4 days the antiviral drugs are useless

Answer 50

True | After 2 kamen

Question 51

T or F | Ma fe live attenuated vax lal influenza

Answer 51

False fe | Bs manu recommended

Question 52

``` Vax for : 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- ```

Answer 52

Chronic cardiopulmo disease Children with asthma metabolic and renal disorders Nursing homes HIV 65 and older Transmitters to the high risk groups (drs , nurses and security....)