(MD 1) Biochemistry > Vitamins & Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins & Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

Which enzyme requires vitamin C as a cofactor for collagen maturation?
A. Prolyl hydroxylase
B. Lysyl oxidase
C. Transketolase
D. Dopamine β-hydroxylase

A

A. Prolyl hydroxylase

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2
Q

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a required coenzyme for which enzyme?
A. Succinate dehydrogenase
B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
C. Malate dehydrogenase
D. Lactate dehydrogenase

A

B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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3
Q

Which enzyme activity is measured to assess riboflavin status?
A. Transketolase
B. Glutathione reductase
C. Pyruvate kinase
D. Alanine aminotransferase

A

B. Glutathione reductase

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4
Q

Dopamine β-hydroxylase requires which vitamin to function properly?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B6
D. Vitamin B12

A

B. Vitamin C

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5
Q

Which enzyme is vitamin B12-dependent and converts methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA?
A. Methionine synthase
B. Pyruvate carboxylase
C. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
D. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

A

C. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

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6
Q

Vitamin K is essential for the activity of enzymes involved in:
A. Hydroxylation reactions
B. Carboxylation of glutamate residues
C. Oxidative phosphorylation
D. Transamination

A

B. Carboxylation of glutamate residues

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7
Q

Which enzyme requires biotin as a coenzyme?
A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
B. Pyruvate carboxylase
C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
D. Malate dehydrogenase

A

B. Pyruvate carboxylase

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8
Q

The activity of erythrocyte transketolase reflects the status of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B3
D. Vitamin B6

A

A. Vitamin B1

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9
Q

Which enzyme involved in bile acid synthesis is vitamin C–dependent?
A. Cholesterol oxidase
B. Cholesterol 7-hydroxylase
C. HMG-CoA reductase
D. Acyl-CoA synthetase

A

B. Cholesterol 7-hydroxylase

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10
Q

Pyridoxal-5-phosphate is a coenzyme for which type of reaction?
A. Carboxylation
B. Transamination
C. Oxidation
D. Isomerization

A

B. Transamination

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11
Q

Night blindness is an early manifestation of deficiency in:
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K

A

B. Vitamin A

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12
Q

A patient with scurvy most likely has impaired synthesis of:
A. Hemoglobin
B. Collagen
C. ATP
D. DNA

A

B. Collagen

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13
Q

Pellagra is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B3
D. Vitamin B6

A

C. Vitamin B3

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14
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is most commonly associated with deficiency of:
A. Vitamin B6
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin B1
D. Vitamin B9

A

C. Vitamin B1

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15
Q

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia can result from deficiency of:
A. Vitamin B1 and B2
B. Vitamin B6 only
C. Vitamin B9 and B12
D. Vitamin C and E

A

C. Vitamin B9 and B12

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16
Q

Fragile red blood cell membranes leading to hemolytic anemia are seen in deficiency of:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K

A

C. Vitamin E

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17
Q

Excess vitamin D intake may lead to:
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Osteomalacia
C. Calcinosis
D. Rickets

A

C. Calcinosis

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18
Q

Pernicious anemia results from impaired absorption of:
A. Folate
B. Iron
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin B6

A

C. Vitamin B12

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19
Q

Follicular hyperkeratosis is most closely associated with deficiency of:
A. Vitamin E
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin C

A

C. Vitamin A

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20
Q

Dry beriberi primarily affects which system?
A. Cardiovascular
B. Renal
C. Nervous
D. Gastrointestinal

A

C. Nervous

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21
Q

The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate:
A. Iron absorption
B. Plasma calcium levels
C. Blood coagulation
D. Antioxidant defense

A

B. Plasma calcium levels

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22
Q

Vitamin A functions directly in vision through its role in:
A. Cone pigment synthesis
B. Rhodopsin formation
C. Retinal formation
D. Retinal blood flow

A

B. Rhodopsin formation

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23
Q

Vitamin E mainly functions as:
A. A hormone
B. A coenzyme
C. A lipid-soluble antioxidant
D. A transcription factor

A

C. A lipid-soluble antioxidant

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24
Q

Vitamin K is required for synthesis of clotting factors because it enables:
A. Phosphorylation
B. Acetylation
C. γ-carboxylation
D. Deamination

A

C. γ-carboxylation

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25
Vitamin C enhances iron absorption by: A. Binding iron B. Converting Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ C. Increasing ferritin synthesis D. Stimulating erythropoiesis
B. Converting Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺
26
Thiamine plays a critical role in metabolism of: A. Lipids B. Proteins C. Carbohydrates D. Nucleotides
C. Carbohydrates
27
Riboflavin functions biologically as a precursor of: A. NAD and NADP B. FMN and FAD C. TPP D. PLP
B. FMN and FAD
28
Niacin is essential because it forms part of which coenzymes? A. FMN and FAD B. TPP and PLP C. NAD and NADP D. Biotin and lipoic acid
C. NAD and NADP
29
Vitamin B6 is especially important in which process? A. One-carbon transfer B. Amino acid metabolism C. DNA synthesis D. Fat absorption
B. Amino acid metabolism
30
Folate primarily functions in the body as a carrier of: A. Electrons B. Calcium C. One-carbon units D. Phosphate groups
C. One-carbon units
31
TRUE OR FALSE: Vit B1 can be synthesized from tryptophan
False this is Niacin (Vit B3)
32
TRUE OR FALSE: decreased vit B3 leads to decreased ATP
True Citric acid cycle will not proceed if vitamin B3 is not in the form of NAD+ and NADH
33
TRUE OR FALSE: Neural tube defects occur in the absence of vit B9
True Folic acid supplements reduce the risk of neural tube defect
34
which of the following vitamins and nutrients is deficient in paleness: a. zinc b. iron c. vitamin A d. vitamin D
b. iron
35
the following vitamins and nutrients are deficient in poor delayed wound healing, except: a. zinc b. iron c. vitamin A d. vitamin D
d. vitamin D must be VIT C
36
Which of the following vitamins and nutrients are deficient in koilonychia (Choose 2): a. protein b. zinc c. iron d. vit D
a. protein c. iron
37
TRUE OR FALSE: Schamroth Sign assess for clubbing of the nails. Normal circulation is indicated by a small diamond-shaped window. a. Both true b. Both false c. Only the 1st statement is true d. Only the 2nd statement is true
a. Both true
38
Not a fat soluble vitamin A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K E. Vitamin C
E. Vitamin C
39
Beriberi (Peripheral Neuritis) occurs with deficiency in: A. Vitamin B1 B. Vitamin B2 C. Vitamin B3 D. Vitamin B6 E. Vitamin B9 F. Vitamin B12
A. Vitamin B1
40
TRUE OR FALSE: Deficiency in Vit. B9 and B12 can lead to macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
True
41
Wernicke Encephalopathy & Korsakoff Psychosis occurs with deficiency in: A. Vitamin B1 B. Vitamin B2 C. Vitamin B3 D. Vitamin B6 E. Vitamin B9 F. Vitamin B12
A. Vitamin B1
42
Acts as a steroid hormone A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K E. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A
43
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency occurs with deficiency in: A. Vitamin B1 B. Vitamin B2 C. Vitamin B3 D. Vitamin B6 E. Vitamin B9 F. Vitamin B12
A. Vitamin B1
44
The following vitamins and nutrients are deficient in alopecia, except: a. protein b. zinc c. iron d. biotin
c. iron
45
Which of the following vitamins and nutrients are deficient in easily plucked thin sparse hair (choose 2): a. protein b. non-essential fatty acid c. essential fatty acid d. iron
a. protein c. essential fatty acid
46
The following micronutrient deficiency leads to anemia, except? A. Iron B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin C
47
TRUE OR FALSE: Vit B12 is synthesized only by microorganisms and found only in foods of animal origin
True
48
What does a nootropic do? A. Appetite stimulant B. Cognitive enhancer C. Mood stabilizer D. Muscle relaxant
B. Cognitive enhancer
49
which of the following vitamins and nutrients is deficient in dwarfism: a. zinc b. iron c. vitamin A d. vitamin D
a. zinc
50
TRUE OR FALSE: water soluble vitamins function mainly as enzyme cofactors
True
51
TRUE OR FALSE: Preprothrombin is an abnormal precursor of prothrombin secreted in Vitamin K deficiency or in the presence of warfarin
True
52
Deficiency of _____ may cause follicular hyperkeratosis a. retinyl phosphate b. retinoic acid c. 11-cis-retinaldehyde
a. retinyl phosphate
53
_____ is not give to pregnant women due to its teratogenic compound a. retinyl phosphate b. retinoic acid c. 11-cis-retinaldehyde
b. retinoic acid seen in Isotretinoin
54
The following vitamins and nutrients are deficient in rickets/ knocked knees, except: a. zinc b. calcium c. phosphate d. vitamin D
a. zinc
55
consist of β-carotene, which acts an antioxidant A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K E. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A
56
Pre-formed in the body as the 7-Dehydrocholesterol A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K E. Vitamin C
A. Vitamin D
57
also known as tocopherols or tocotrienols A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K E. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin E
58
normal dietary source, found in green vegetables a. Phylloquinone b. Menadione and Menadiol Diacetate c. Menaquinones
a. Phylloquinone
59
synthesized by intestinal bacteria a. Phylloquinone b. Menadione and Menadiol Diacetate c. Menaquinones
c. Menaquinones
60
metabolized in the body to become a source of Vit K a. Phylloquinone b. Menadione and Menadiol Diacetate c. Menaquinones
b. Menadione and Menadiol Diacetate
61
Antioxidant except: A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin C
A. Vitamin D
62
aids in the synthesis of catecholamines and carnitine A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K E. Vitamin C
E. Vitamin C
63
TRUE OR FALSE: Deficiency of Vitamin B12 leads to the accumulation of homocysteine, absence of methionine, and trapping of tetrahydrofolate in the methyl form
True
64
Which vitamin is a carrier of one-carbon units? a. Vitamin B1 b. Vitamin B2 c. Vitamin B9 d. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin B9
65
aids in the synthesis of osteocalcin and collagen A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K E. Vitamin C
E. Vitamin C ● Proline & Lysine Hydroxylases = collagen ● Proline Hydroxylase alone = osteocalcin
66
The vitamin can be formed from an essential amino acid: a. Vitamin B1 b. Vitamin B2 c. Vitamin B3
c. Vitamin B3
67
Which of these vitamins are involved in gene regulation? a. Tocopherol b. Menaquinone c. Calciferol d. Tocotrienol
c. Calciferol
68
the following are considered nutritionally essential, except: a. manganese b. tin c. iron d. copper
b. tin
69
the following are considered nutritionally essential, except: a. chromium b. cobalt c. molybdenum d. sodium
d. sodium
70
TRUE OR FALSE: transition metal-protein complex allows for protection against oxidation, suppression of ROS production, & enhancement of solubility
True
71
do not adopt alternate oxidation states and is not involved in electron transport or even redox reactions a. iron b. calcium c. zinc d. manganese e. cobalt f. copper
c. zinc
72
TRUE OR FALSE: Males are not required to drink iron supplements
True
73
TRUE OR FALSE: iron is best taken once a day, not BID
True 2x a day increases serum hepcidin = reduced iron absorption
74
TRUE OR FALSE: Iron dosage depends on tolerance
True
75
TRUE OR FALSE: Hemochromatosis occurs when the body absorbs too much iron from the food
True
76
TRUE OR FALSE: Primary Hemochromatosis occurs due to a mutation of of the LFE gene (Low Fe) located at chromosome 6
False HFE gene (High Fe)
77
TRUE OR FALSE: high iron, high % saturation of transferrin
True
78
TRUE OR FALSE: ↑ iron % saturation, ↑ability to bind iron
False More iron in the blood leads to more binding sites being occupied = ↑ % saturation = ↓ ability to bind iron
79
Absorption inhibited by phytates and calcium a. iron b. calcium c. zinc d. manganese e. cobalt f. copper
c. zinc
80
Core component of 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) a. iron b. calcium c. zinc d. manganese e. cobalt f. copper
e. cobalt
81
Absorption enhanced by protein a. iron b. calcium c. zinc d. manganese e. cobalt f. copper
c. zinc
82
a single AA mutation leads to rickets a. iron b. calcium c. zinc d. manganese e. cobalt f. copper
c. zinc
83
A patient presents with a deficiency in an enzyme involved in DNA replication and repair. Which of the following minerals is most likely deficient? a. Calcium b. Manganese c. Iron d. Zinc
c. Iron
(MD 1) Biochemistry
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