Vocab- Genetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The study of genes and hereditary

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

passing traits from parents to offspring

Question 3

P Generation

Answer 3

The parents

Question 4

P (1) generation

Answer 4

offspring (first generation)

Question 5

F(2) generation

Answer 5

offspring when F(1) individuals are crossed with eachother

Question 6

Law of dominance

Answer 6

Recessive alleles are masked by dominant with both alleles are present

Question 7

Law of segregation

Answer 7

You can only pass on one copy of each gene to your offspring, the child gets second copy from other parents

Question 8

Law of assortment

Answer 8

which allele is passed on for 1 trait does NOT impact which is passed on of another trait EX. a flower inheriting a purple color allele has no effect on weather it will be short or tall

Question 9

Trait

Answer 9

any observable characteristic

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

actual segment of DNA that holds information for a trait

Question 11

Allele

Answer 11

One version of that trait

Question 12

Diploid

Answer 12

2 copies of each chromosome, so it occurs in pairs

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

allele combo for a trait (RR, Rr or rr)

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

Two of the same alleles, dominant or recessive

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

two different alleles, Rr

Question 16

Phenotype

Answer 16

The physical feature resulting from the genotype (eg. Brown eyes, Blue eyes

Question 17

Domainant

Answer 17

When one allele masks the effect of another

Question 18

Recessive

Answer 18

alleles only show up as the phenotype when both alleles that are present are ______

Question 19

Carriers

Answer 19

Someone is heterozygous for a recessive disease is often called a carrier

Question 20

Incomplete dominance

Answer 20

Alleles blend

Question 21

Polygenic

Answer 21

“many genes” when several genes influence a trait

Question 22

Co domiance

Answer 22

Alleles show up together

Question 23

Gregor Mendel

Answer 23

Father of genetics, Australian monk, made laws of heredity based on analysis of how traits are inherited

Question 24

Multiple alleles

Answer 24

Genes with more than two alleles that could code for a trait

Question 25

A, B, AB, and O blood types

Answer 25

AA, Ao, BB, Bo, AB, oo

Question 26

A blood alleles

Answer 26

l(A) = AA I(A) i = Ao

Question 27

B blood alleles

Answer 27

I(B) = BB I(B) i = Bo

Question 28

O blood alleles

Answer 28

ii

Question 29

AB blood alleles

Answer 29

I(A) I(B)

Question 30

A blood type has what shaped surface carbs

Answer 30

triangle

Question 31

B blood type has what shaped surface carbs

Answer 31

circle

Question 32

AB blood type has what shaped surface carbs carbs

Answer 32

triangle and circle

Question 33

O blood type has what shaped carbs

Answer 33

None

Question 34

What blood types are dominant vs recessive

Answer 34

A and B are co- dominant, O is recessive

Question 35

What blood types can give to all Blood types

Answer 35

O-

Question 36

Can a positive blood type give to a negative

Answer 36

No only positives, negatives can give to both

Question 37

What is the law of independent assortment and who created it

Answer 37

the pair of factors for one trait segregate independently of the factors for other traits, by mendel

Question 38

Sex linked genes are found on the _____ chromosome

Answer 38

X chromosome but not the Y chromosome

Question 39

Males are _____ chromosome combo

Answer 39

XY

Question 40

Female are _____ chromosome combo

Answer 40

XX

Question 41

Do male or females have two copies of X chromosome

Answer 41

Female

Question 42

Recessive sex linked genes show up more in which gender

Answer 42

Males

Question 43

X- linked vs sex linked

Answer 43

X-linked has to do with genes that have NOTHING to do with gender

Question 44

what chromosome are X linked genes carried on

Answer 44

X chromsome

Question 45

how can you identify human examples of sex- linkage

Answer 45

pedigrees