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Bio > Cell division (meiosis) > Flashcards

Cell division (meiosis) Flashcards

1
Q

2 goals of meiosis

A
  1. Make cells for sexual reproduction
  2. Create genetic variation
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2
Q

What happens in fertilization

A

egg and sperm come together to make a zygote (a fertilized egg)

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3
Q

What are gametes

A

Sex cells, Sperm and eggs

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4
Q

Whats a zygote

A

a fertilized egg

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5
Q

How do you get genetic variation

A

mix up moms and dads genes

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6
Q

How many rounds of PMAT does meiosis go through

A

2

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7
Q

When are chromosomes duplicated (before or after meiosis)

A

Before

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8
Q

Whats meiosis l

A

homologs are seprated

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9
Q

Meiosis ll

A

Sister chromatids are separated

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10
Q

What is maternal chromosome

A

Moms chromosome in offspring

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11
Q

Whats paternal chromosome

A

Dads chromosome in offspring

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12
Q

Are body cells diploid or haploid

A

Diploid

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13
Q

Whats diploid

A

2 copies of each chromosome

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14
Q

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do we have.

A

23

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15
Q

How many chromosomes do you get from mom vs dad

A

Each pair has 1 from each

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16
Q

What are gametes

A

sex cells

17
Q

Ploidy is —-

A

the number of complete sets of chromosomes

18
Q

How many different types of chromosomes do humans have

A

23

19
Q

Sperm and egg are (diploid or haploid) cells

A

haploid

20
Q

Whats haploid

A

there is only one of each type (not repeated)

21
Q

Does more chromosomes mean smarter

A

No

22
Q

Whats a Karyotype

A

used to detect chromosomal genetic disorders, which occur when a non- dis-junction occurs

23
Q

What chromosome numbers are autosomes

A

1-22

24
Q

What number chromsome is the sex chromosome

A

23

25
Q

XX is

A

Female

26
Q

XY is

A

male

27
Q

Whats a non disjunction

A

chromosomes dont separate correctly in meiosis

28
Q

Whats monosomy

A

only one copy of each chromosome

29
Q

Trisomy

A

three copies of each chromosome

30
Q

Whats crossing over

A

Homologous chromosomes switch genes during the first prophase This produces unique chromosomes.

31
Q

Whats independent assortment

A

Chromosomes can line up in various ways during metaphase so an individual can produce many combinations of homologous chromosomes

32
Q

Oogenesis

A

production of eggs or ova, makes 1 functional egg and 3 polar bodies (non-functional)

33
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm, creates 4 functional sperm

34
Q

One advantage of meiosis

A

new gene combos and genetic variation which helps with natural selection

35
Q

During the G1 phase of the cell cycle what happens

A

The cell grows

36
Q

What is the name of the proteins that help chromatin coil up into chromosomes?

A

Histones

37
Q

Somatic cells are also known as

A

Body cells

38
Q

Due to nonfunction gametes could loose or gain genes/chromosomes?

A

Both

39
Q

Independent assortment refers to

A

The way chromosomes line up in meiosis l

Bio (24 decks)

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