Vowels and Consonants Flashcards
(252 cards)
1
Q
Which are the front vowels?
A
i, ü, e, ö
2
Q
Which are the back vowels?
A
ı, u, a, o
3
Q
What is the fronted a
benefit
A
e
kar
3
Q
How is a pronounced
salad
A
u, as in sun
salata
4
Q
how is e pronounced
edirne
A
fed
edirne
5
Q
When does e take on the sound of a in an
stretch
come
A
sometimes when followed by r, l, n
ger
gel
6
Q
How is i pronounced
mist
button hole
A
bit
sis
ilik
7
Q
How is ı pronounced
warm
A
io in nation
ılık
8
Q
How is o pronounced
choir
A
no
koro
9
Q
how is ö pronounced
ten
front
A
eu in peu
on
ön
10
Q
How is u pronounced
long
A
u as in pull
uzun
11
Q
How is ü pronounced
end, extremity, tip
three
A
ü as in über
uç
üç
12
Q
veteran
A
gazi
(long vowel)
12
Q
jointly, in unison
A
beraber
(long vowel)
13
Q
known, certain
A
malum
(long vowel)
14
Q
fiscal
A
mali
(long vowel)
15
Q
ignorant
A
cahil (long vowel)
16
Q
expression, statement
A
ifade
(long vowel)
17
Q
effect/influence
A
tesir
(long vowel)
18
Q
specimen, sample
A
numune
(long vowel)
19
Q
faith
A
iman
(long vowel)
20
Q
notice, announcement
A
ilan
(long vowel)
21
Q
dialect, accent
A
şive
(long vowel)
22
Q
What are the voiceless consonants
A
p, t, k, s, ş, ç, h, f
23
voiced consonants
b, c, d, g, ğ, j, l, m, n, r, v, y, z
24
b pronunciation
father
b as in baby
baba
25
c pronunciation
mosque
j in jump
cami
26
ç pronunciation
Bag
ch as in church
çanta
27
d pronunciation
grandpa
d as in dad
dede
28
f pronunciation
pistachio
f as in fish
fıstık
29
g pronunciation
boat
g as in go
gemi
30
ğ pronunciation
tree
Lengthens the preceding vowel
ağaç
31
h pronunciation
everyone
h as in he
herkes
32
how to pronounce j
gendarme
s as in measure
jandarma
33
k pronunciation
cat
k as in king
kedi
34
l pronunciation
lemon
l as in lion
limon
35
m pronunciation
lazy
m as in me
miskin
36
n pronunciation
what
n as in nurse
ne
37
p pronunciation
monday
p in pen
Pazartesi
38
r pron.
colour
r as in rain
renk
39
s pron
water
s as in sun
su
40
ş pronunciation
sugar
sh in she
şeker
41
t pronunciation
thanx
t in tea
teşekkür
42
v pron.
and
v as in very
ve
43
y pron
fire
y in yellow
yangın
44
z pron
olive
z in zip
zeytin
45
How are t, d and n pronounced
touch the tip of your tounge against the gum above the top teeth (dentals)
46
when do k and g become more fronted
in words that have front or fronted vowels
47
paper
compare with
truck
kağıt
kamyon
front or fronted vowels
47
unbeliever, goal
compare with
station
gavur, gol
gar
48
lemon, hallway
compare with
arm, thick, to be
limon, hol
kol, kalın, olmak
49
What is the plural suffix
ler, lar
49
When do you use ler and lar
ler - e, i ü, ö (front vowels)
lar - a, ı, o, u (back vowels)
(last vowel)
50
squares
kareler
51
cars
arabalar
52
things
işler
53
gulls
martılar
54
grapes
üzümler
55
boxes
kutular
56
eyes
gözler
57
choruses
korolar
58
When does the four-fold vowel harmony apply
When the vowel in the suffix is a high vowel that surfaces as i, ı, u, ü due to the frontness and backness as well as the rounding of the vowel
59
What is the third person singular possesive marker
(s)ı
s is pronounced when the suffix is attached to a word that ends in a vowel
60
what are the four-fold vowel harmonies
use possessive third person singular
a or ı - (s)ı
u or o - (s)u
e or i - (s)i
ü or ö - (s)ü
61
his gull
martı
62
his car
arabası
63
his box
kutusu
64
his choir
korosu
65
his square
karesi
66
his two
ikisi
67
his iron
ütüsü
68
his eye
gözü
69
clock, clocks
saat
saatler
(last a is fronted)
70
terminal
terminal
(fronted)
71
heart
kalp
(fronted)
72
caution
dikkat
fronted
73
letter
harf
fronted
74
responsible
mesul
fronted
75
Kemal
Kemal
fronted
76
Zuhal
Zuhal
fronted
77
exception suffixes (no vowel change)
-ki
-ken
-leyin
-gen
-izm
78
when do consonants assimilate and how
initial consonant of a suffix becomes similar to the final consonant of the word it is attached to
When the final consonant of a verb is voiceless (p, t, k, s, ş, ç, h, f) consonant in the suffix surfaces as t (voiceless)
When the last consonant is voiced (b, c, d , g, Ğ, j, l, m, n, r, v, y, z) or, if the verb ends in a vowel, it appears as d.
This applies for suffixes that have an initial d, which becomes t when attatched to a word that ends in a voiceless consonant
-DI (past tense)
-DA (locative)
-DAn (ablative)
And to those that have c, which becomes ç when it comes after a voiceless consonant due to suffixation)
-CA (language names)
-CI (names of professionals)
79
When does k go to ğ in the word on suffixation
all multiyllabic words that end in k, and when a vowel initial suffix is attached
80
Kitchen, kitchen akk
mutfak
mutfaği
81
lover, lover akk
aşık
aşığı
82
angel, angel akk
melek
meleği
83
bed, bed akk
yatak, yatağı
84
suit, unit, fellow, akk
tek, teki
(mono)
85
when does nk become ng
when a vowel-initial suffix is attached
86
When does g become ğ
in some multisyllabic g-ending words
87
university
üniversite
88
salad
salata
89
coffee
kahve
90
football
futbol
91
hobby
hobi
92
music
müsik
93
professor
profesör
94
theatre
tiyatro
95
labyrinth
labirent
96
station
istasyon
97
café
kafe
98
tennis
tenis
99
pasta
pasta
100
coat
ceket
101
museum
müze
102
modern
modern
103
culture
kültür
104
bank
banka
105
train
tren
106
telefone
telefon
107
yoghurt
yoğurt
108
toilet
tuvalet
109
trousers
pantalon
110
boat
bot
111
taxi
taksi
112
million
milyon
113
grapefruit
greyfurt
114
tea
çay
115
phobia
fobi
116
hotel
otel
117
park
park
118
sport
spor
119
mathematics
matematik
120
film
film
121
miniature
minyatür
122
appartment
apartman
123
doctor
doktor
124
corridor
koridor
125
problem
problem
126
lesson, lessons
ders
dersler
127
test, tests
sınav
sınavlar
128
student, students
öğrenci, öğrenciler
129
school, schools
okul, okullar
130
clock, clocks
saat, saatler
131
night, nights
gece, geceler
132
house, houses
ev, evler
133
university, universities
üniversite, üniversiteler
134
teacher, teachers
öğretmen, öğretmenler
135
friend, friends
arkadaş, arkadaşlar
136
class, classes
sınıf, sınıflar
137
bag, bags
çanta, çantalar
138
task, tasks
ödev, ödevler
139
bank, banks
banka, bankalar
140
number, numbers
numara, numaralar
141
book, books
kitap, kitaplar
142
pencil, pencils
kalem, kalemler
143
day, days
gün, günler
144
evening, evenings
akşam
akşamları
145
notebook, notebooks
defter, defterler
146
letter, letters
harf, harfler
147
cinema, cinemas
sinema, sinemalar
148
taxis
taksi, taksiler
149
water, waters
su, sular
150
infinitive suffix
mAk
151
to take, to get
almak
152
to find
bulmak
153
to think
düşünmek
154
to be ill
hasta olmak
155
to stand up
kalkmak
156
to learn
öğrenmek
157
to sit down
oturmak
158
to have a holiday, to vacation
tatil yapmak
159
to laugh
gülmek
160
to call
aramak
161
to dance
dans etmek
162
to be late
geç kalmak
163
to drink
içmek
164
to talk to
konuşmak
165
to teach
öğretmek
166
to love, like
sevmek
167
to phone call
telefon etmek
168
to lie down, go to bed
yatmak
169
to wait
beklemek
170
to listen to
dinlemek
171
to come
gelmek
172
to desire, want
istemek
173
to run
koşmak
174
to read
okumak
175
to sing
şarkı söylemek
176
to go to sleep
uyumak
177
to eat
yemek
178
to know
bilmek
179
to rest, to relax
dinlenmek
180
to go
gitmek
181
to stay
kalmak
182
to lose weight
kilo vermek
183
to occur
olmak
184
to ask a question
soru sormak
185
to give
vermek
186
to walk
yürümek
187
what is the deprivative suffix?
sIz
188
homeless
evsiz
189
sleepless
uykusuz
190
mindless
akılsız
191
without sugar
şekersiz
192
free (cost)
parasız
193
loveless
aşksız
194
friendless
arkadaşsız
195
unlicenced, unfit
ehliyetsiz
196
unauthorised
izinsiz
197
heartless
kalpsız
198
unique
emsalsız
199
got, took
aldı
200
took away
götürdü
201
sold
sattı
202
gone
gitti
203
wanted
istedi
204
got up
kalktı
205
it was worth it
değdi
206
called
aradı
207
found
buldu
208
sat down
oturdu
209
got on
bindi
210
said
dedi
211
spoke
konuştu
212
cried
ağladı
213
waited
bekledi
214
danced
dans etti
215
thought of
düşündü
216
sang
şarkı söyledi
217
put it on
taktı
218
ran
koştu
219
learned
öğrendi
220
knew
bildi
221
listened
dinledi
222
was late
geç kaldı
223
got sick
hasta oldu
224
gave
verdi
225
taught
öğretti
226
ran away
kaçtı
227
rested
dinlendi
228
saddened
üzüldü
229
drank
içti
230
read (past)
okudu
231
changed
değişti
232
recognised
tanıdı
233
suffix for nationality or ethnicity
-CA
234
turkish
Türkçe
235
english
ingilizce
236
german
almanca
237
chinese
çince
238
dutch
hollandaca
239
norwegian
norveççe
240
greek
yunanca
241
russian
rusça
242
italian
italyanca
243
What is the profession suffix
-CI
244
reporter
haberci
245
politician
politikacı
246
photographer
fotoğrafçı
247
hunter
avcı
248
estate agent
emlakçı
