WBC

Question 1

Number of WBC

Answer 1

4,500-10,000 (cells/ml)

Question 2

Number of segmented neutrophils

Answer 2

54-62%

Question 3

Number of Band forms

Answer 3

3-5% (above 8% indicates left shift)

Question 4

Number of Basophils

Answer 4

0-1 (0-.75%)

Question 5

Number of Eosinophils

Answer 5

0-3 (1-3%)

Question 6

Number of Lymphocytes

Answer 6

24-44 (25-33%)

Question 7

Number of Monocytes

Answer 7

3-6%

Question 8

Where are all white blood cells made?

Answer 8

Bone marrow

Question 9

How are neutrophils made?

Answer 9

Myeloblasts to myelocytes (through mitosis)

Question 10

How long does maturation of neutrophils take?

Answer 10

12 days

Question 11

How is the maturation of neutrophils unique?

Answer 11

• If there is an increased demand- the maturation process can be sped up so that it doesn’t take as long

Question 12

How long do neutrophils last in circulation?

Answer 12

8 hours

Question 13

Once neutrophils enter the tissue…

Answer 13

they never return to circulation

Question 14

Where do neutrophils migrate?

Answer 14

To areas of infection or inflammation

Question 15

T/F- Neutrophils can be bacteriocidal

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Where are eosinophils attracted to?

Answer 16

Invasion from parasites and allergic reactions

Question 17

What can eosinophils do to parasites?

Answer 17

Eosinophils can damage parasites and stop them from reproducing

Question 18

When do basophils enter tissues?

Answer 18

Within several hours from being released into circulation

Question 19

When are the levels of basophils elevated?

Answer 19

During hypersensitivity reactions

Question 20

What do basophils bind to?

Answer 20

Antigens

Question 21

What is the role of basophils?

Answer 21

Breaks down the cytoplasm and releases histamine

Question 22

How long do monocytes take to mature?

Answer 22

4 days

Question 23

Are monocytes stored in the marrow?

Answer 23

noperssss

Question 24

How long do monocytes spend in the marrow before they enter the tissues?

Answer 24

3 days

Question 25

What is the role of monocytes in the tissues?

Answer 25

- Function as macrophages - Proliferate into the tissues - Remove old RBC from circulation - Process and present antigens to T and B lymphocytes

Question 26

These are stem cells from bone marrow

Answer 26

Lymphocytes

Question 27

What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

Answer 27

T and B lymphocytes

Question 28

Where do T cells differentiate?

Answer 28

Thymus

Question 29

What percentage of lymphocytes are T cells?

Answer 29

70-80%

Question 30

What percentage of lymphocytes are B cells?

Answer 30

20-30%

Question 31

What 2 groups are T cells divided into?

Answer 31

CD4 and CD8

Question 32

These are receptors for signaling helper cells that signal to other immune cells - Produce antibodies - Activate macrophages

Answer 32

CD4

Question 33

These are receptors for cytotoxic T cells | -They know when to kill and destroy a cells

Answer 33

CD8

Question 34

These cells undergo differentiation in the bone marrow

Answer 34

B cells

Question 35

What can B cells differentiate into? and when?

Answer 35

Plasma cells- after they interact with the antigen

Question 36

These cells are part of innate immunity and they can cause lysis without previous antigen exposure

Answer 36

NK cells

Question 37

T/F- All types of lymphocytes can move freely between tissues and circulation

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Can lymphocytes divide when activated?

Answer 38

Yeppers

Question 39

Define differential count

Answer 39

The % of each white cell count

Question 40

What can cause falsely high differential counts?

Answer 40

Presence of reticulocytes, giant platelets, or parasites that look like WBC

Question 41

What can cause falsely low differential counts?

Answer 41

Leukemia or paraproteins

Question 42

When are manual peripheral smears needed?

Answer 42

* To verify results * To evaluate for WBC abnormalities * To look for suspected low concentrations of abnormal cells * To look for parasites and other organisms

Question 43

What are some indications for a bone marrow examination?

Answer 43

* Anemia * Leukocytopenia * Thrombocytopenia * Leukemia * Staging of tumors * To obtain culture * To support a diagnosis