WEEK 1 Flashcards
(48 cards)
what are the four main steps in the process of sound making?
vibration –> wave creation –> transmission –> interpretation
can there be sounds that do not involve vibration of an object?
no, it is impossible
what is the speech chain?
a feed-forward model that captures the events in speech production from speaker to hearer
what are the key steps in the speech chain for the speaker?
communicative intentions –> language encoding –> motor programming –> motor execution –> speech
what happens if one step in the speech chain is disrupted?
it results in an inability to complete the process, leading to a speech problem
do feed-forward models involve real-time correction?
no, they do not adapt in real time or make corrections based on ongoing speech
how does a feed-forward chain process input?
in a single pass, from input to output, following a fixed structure once trained
what is haptic perception?
a combination of tactile (touch) and proprioception (body position sense)
what is somatosensory perception?
the perception of sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and proprioception
what is proprioception?
the sense of the relative position of one’s own body parts
what is aero-tactile sensation?
the sense of air movement against the skin
Which of the following is an example of a vibrotactile experience?
- Feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin
- Hearing a loud screaming noise from a speaker
- Sensing rapid rattling of your phone when it receives a notification
- Smelling a flower in a garden
sensing rapid rattling of your phone when it receives a notification
what is temporal resolution
how often measurements are taken – higher frequency means better temporal resolution
what is spatial resolution
how detailed and precise the measurements are – higher precision means better spatial resolution
how does a feed-forward model work in speech production
it follows a linear (one-way) process where a plan is constructed and executed without monitoring real-time feedback
what are the advantages of a feed-forward system?
it allows for fast, automatic speech production without delays from constant monitoring
how des a feedback model differ from a feed-forward model
feedback models monitor and adjusts speech production in real time based on sensory feedback
what is a limitation of a feed-forward system
if an error occurs, it cannot be corrected in real time
what are the types of feedback in speech production
auditory, somatosensory, proprioceptive
what happens if feedback is disrupted in speech
it can lead to speech errors such as stuttering or mispronunciations
which model explains how people adjust their speech if they hear themselves incorrectly
feedback model
which model explains why a person continues speaking fluently despite not hearing themselves
feed-forward model
which model explains why someone speaks louder in a noisy environment (lombard effect)
feedback model – the person hears less of their own voice and compensates by increasing volume
Different kinds of sounds can generate different types of signals that can provided different types of feedback. How might tactile and proprioceptive feedback work together during speech?
- By visually tracking the movements of articulators, like velum.
- By analyzing airflow patterns to determine pitch.
- By detecting specific locations of muscle tension and airflow, in sounds like voiced fricatives.
- By measuring sound intensity through vibrations in sounds like, vowels.
By detecting specific locations of muscle tension and airflow, in sounds like voiced fricatives.
