Week 12 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is electropalatography?
▶ Real-time method to track tongue contact
▶ Uses a custom-made artificial palate with electrodes
▶ Records contact patterns dynamically
What is the setup for EPG?
▶ Artificial palate molded to upper teeth/palate
▶ Contains electrodes arranged in a grid
▶ Data sent to computer for visualization
What are applications of EPG?
▶ Speech therapy & clinical phonetics
▶ Language documentation
▶ Phonetic and phonological analysis
What are advantages and limitations of EPG?
Advantages
▶ Real-time dynamic analysis
▶ Repeatable and quantifiable
Limitations
▶ Expensive and requires custom palate
▶ Only records contact, not pressure
What types of external feedback do lips and face offer?
Visual and tactile
Where is the superior layer of OO and what does it do?
▶ Located just under the skin.
▶ Enables fine-tuned lip shaping and nuanced facial expressions.
▶ Works with muscles like risorius and zygomaticus
Where is the deep layer of OO and what does it do?
▶ Located near bone and connective tissues.
▶ Provides strength for tight lip seal, gripping, and pressure generation (e.g., bilabials)
Where is OO marginal and what does it do?
▶ Inner zone close to the mouth opening.
▶ Produces rounded, unprotruded lips—”inrounded” shapes.
Where is OO peripheral and what does it do?
▶ Outer zone, farther from the center.
▶ Produces lip protrusion—”outrounded” shapes.
What is the function of OO superior?
▶ Controls upper lip movement.
▶ Contributes to labial closure and expressions like smiling
What is the function of OO inferior?
▶ Controls lower lip movement.
▶ Active in labiodental sounds like [f] and [v].
▶ Can work independently from OOs in many articulations
You are producing the sound [b]. Which part of the orbicularis oris (OO) muscle needs
greater activation?
A. Marginal OO
B. Peripheral OO
C. Both
D. Neither
A
What is the function of the buccinator?
▶ Works in coordination with the Orbicularis Oris (OO) to shape and tense the lips.
▶ Located in the inner cheek wall, extending from the pterygomandibular raphe to
the mouth corners.
▶ Contributes to spread lip shapes (e.g., /i/) and stiffens cheeks to maintain
intraoral pressure.
▶ Essential for chewing, sucking, and keeping food in place during mastication
What is the function of the Risorius? Where is it?
▶ Known as the “laugh” muscle, unique to humans.
▶ Runs from the masseter muscle to the skin at the corners of the mouth.
▶ Contracts to draw the sides of the mouth back, producing a spread lip shape or an
“insincere” smile
Where does the Mentalis muscle originate and insert, and what is its function?
▶ Sometimes referred to as the “pouting” muscle.
▶ Originates from the front of the mandible, inserting into the skin of the chin.
▶ Pulls the chin up towards the lower lip, aiding in pouting or strengthening upward
movements of the lower lip
Where is the Levator Labii Superioris and what is its function?
▶ A broad sheet of muscle originating from the lower orbit of the eyes to the
zygomatic arch.
▶ Inserts into the upper lip, functioning to raise it
What are the Zygomaticus Major and Minor muscles and what are their functions?
▶ The zygomaticus major is associated with the “sincere” smile, raising the corners
of the mouth.
▶ The zygomaticus minor aids in opening the upper lip.
▶ Both muscles originate from the zygomatic arch and insert into the corners of the
mouth
(insert insincere smile)
Which muscle likely has a greater activation in
this context?
A. risorius
B. zygomaticus major
C. levator labii superioris
D. mentalis
A
What is the Depressor Angular Oris muscle and where is it?
▶ Also known as the triangularis menti, originating from the lower edge of the
mandible.
▶ Inserts into the angles or sides of the mouth, aiding in frowning or pulling the
upper lip downward
What is are the depressor labii inferior muscles and where is it?
▶ A pair of small muscles originating from the lower edge of the mandible.
▶ Inserts into the skin of the lower lip, used for lowering and spreading the lower lip
A muscle was surgically severed for this patient (lip drooping down at side but not at the edge of the lip).
What muscle would it likely be?
A. depressor angular oris
B. mentalis
C. depressor labii inferioris
D. levator labii superioris
C
How are bilabials produced
▶ the lips come together flatly and are spread relatively wider.
▶ This posture facilitates the formation of a tight seal which is useful for producing
stops
▶ the closure allows increased air pressure to build up, resulting in a more explosive
sound upon release
How are labiodentals produced
▶ the lower lip is retracted and raised to touch the upper teeth,
▶ creates a semi-closure that is helps generating fricative sounds.
▶ air escapes through an imperfect seal, which is easier to maintain than a complete
bilabial closure and useful for producing consistent fricative sounds
How does lip rounding work
▶ involves the lips forming a protruded “O” shape, common in the articulation of
rounded vowels and approximants (e.g., [o, w]).
▶ The lip rounding extends the vocal tract, and lowers its resonances
▶ maintained by a sphincter-like action of the peripheral part of the orbicularis oris
(OO)
