Week 1 part 3

Question 1

In pregancy how long is fetus carried for?

Answer 1

Up to 40 weeks

Question 2

When does 1st trimester complete at?

Answer 2

12 weeks

Question 3

When does 2nd trimester complete at?

Answer 3

28 weeks

Question 4

When does 3rd trimester complete at?

Answer 4

40 weeks

Question 5

What is the pregancy marker?

Answer 5

bhCG

Question 6

During what days does blastocyst implant?

Answer 6

8 to 9 day

Question 7

Is the embryo abnormal or normal in miscarriage and molar pregnancy?

Answer 7

Misscarriage - normal

Molar pregnancy - abnormal

Question 8

Positive pregnancy urine pregnancy test, varied gestation, bleeding and cramping?

Answer 8

Miscarriage

Question 9

What scan is gold stanrard for miscarriage?

Answer 9

TV ultrasound

Question 10

If speculum exam shows os (opening of cervix to uterus) closed what is likely?

Answer 10

Threatened miscarriage

Question 11

If speculum exam shows os (opening of cervix to uterus) with products sited at open os?

Answer 11

Inevitable miscarriage

Question 12

If speculum exam shows os (opening of cervix to uterus) oipen with products in vagina what has happened?

Answer 12

cOMPLETE MIscarriage

Question 13

Incomplete miscarriage?

Answer 13

Part of pregnanct lost already

Question 14

Early fetal demise?

Answer 14

Pregnancy in situ, no heartbeat: MSD greater than 25mm

Question 15

In miscarriage - why is misoprostil given?

Answer 15

To expel pregancy

Question 16

Pain, bleeding, dizziness, collapse, shoulder tip pain, shoprt of breath? Also pallor, signs of peritonism guarding and tenderness?

Answer 16

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 17

USS showing empty uterus, +/i mass in adenexa, free fluid in pouch of douglas?

Answer 17

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 18

What is noted in comparitive assessment of serum bHCG in ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 18

48 hours apart it doubles

Question 19

Overgrowth of placental tissue with chorionic villi swollen with fluid giving picture of grape like clusters?

Answer 19

Molar pregnancy

Question 20

What does a complete mole have a 2.5% increase risk of?

Answer 20

Choriocarcinoma

Question 21

What type of molar pregnancy is this - egg without DNA, 1 or 2 sperms fertilise, result in diploidy (paternal only)?

Answer 21

Complete mole

Question 22

What type of molar pregnancy is this - haploid egg, 1 sperm or 2 sperms fertilising egg, result in triploidy, may have fetus?

Answer 22

Partial mole

Question 23

Hyperemesis, varied bleeding and passage of grap like tissue, occassional SOB?

Answer 23

Molar pregnancy

Question 24

What is seen on USS in molar pregnancy?

Answer 24

Snow storm appearance +/- fetius

Question 25

What type of bleeding could occur 10 days post ovulation?

Answer 25

Implantation bleeding - bleeding is liught brownish and limited

Question 26

Pooling of blood between endometriun and embryo due to seperation?

Answer 26

Chorionic haematoma

Question 27

Name a cervical cause of bleeding in early pregnancy?

Answer 27

Cervical ectropion - cervix has columnar, vaginal has squamous. Cervix undergoes squamous metaplasia

Question 28

Strawberry vagina?

Answer 28

Trichomoniasis

Question 29

What chromosome has the sex determining region and causes development of testis from bipotential gonad?

Answer 29

Y chromosome

Question 30

What are the two primitive genital tracts?

Answer 30

Wolffian and Mullerian ducts

Question 31

What two factors cause the development of the male internal genital tract?

Answer 31

Testosterone and Mullerian inhibiting factor

Question 32

In males what happens to the Wolffian ducts?

Answer 32

Repro tract

Question 33

In females what happens toe the wOLFFIAN ducts?

Answer 33

Degenerate

Question 34

In males what happens to mullerian ducts?

Answer 34

Degenerate

Question 35

In females what happens to mullerian ducts?

Answer 35

Repro tract

Question 36

In differentiation of external genitalia what does dihydrotestosterone stimulate?

Answer 36

Penis

Question 37

Name an x-linked recessive disorder with male karyotype 46XY, testis develop but do not descend?

Answer 37

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminisation)

Question 38

In androgen insensitivity syndrome there is congential insensitivity to androgens. Androgen induction of what duct does not occur?

Answer 38

Wolffian duct. Mullerian inhibition occurs so born with external female enitals but no ovaries or uterus, short vagina

Question 39

Why is it important testis descend?

Answer 39

Lower temp outside body to faciliate - spermatogenesis dartos muscle contracts in scrotal sac to lower/raise testis temp

Question 40

What is cryptochidism?

Answer 40

Undescended testis

Question 41

What should be performed in cryptochidism below age 14 to miniise risk of testciular cancer?

Answer 41

Orchidopexy

Question 42

Where does spermatogeneisis occur?

Answer 42

Seminiferous tbules

Question 43

Where does production of testosterone occur?

Answer 43

Leydig cells

Question 44

In a spermatozoon - what contains enzumes for penetrating zona pelucida and thus ovum?

Answer 44

Acrosome

Question 45

What cells form a blood-testes barrier?

Answer 45

Sertoli cells

Question 46

What cells secrete seminiferous tubule fluid, androgen binding globulin and inhibin and activin hormones?

Answer 46

Sertoli cells

Question 47

In hormonal control of spermatogenesis: what does LH cause leydig cells to produce?

Answer 47

Testosterone

Question 48

In hormonal control of spermatogenesis: What acts on sertoli cell in seminiferous tubule to secrete androgen binding globulin and inhibin (decreases FSH)?

Answer 48

FSH

Question 49

wHAT RELEASE DOES gRRH have?

Answer 49

Pulsatile - everye 2-3 hours

Question 50

What glycoprotein acts on Leydig cells and regulates testosterone secretion?

Answer 50

LH

Question 51

What glycoprotein acts on Sertoli cells to enhance spermatogenesis and regulates by negative feedback from inhibin?

Answer 51

FSH

Question 52

Is production of LH and FSH cyclical in females?

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

What secretes inhibin and activin?

Answer 53

Sertoli cells - feedback on FSH (inhibin inhibits and activin stimulates)

Question 54

Exit route from testes to urethra, concentrate & store sperm, site for sperm maturation

Answer 54

Epididymis and vas deferens

Question 55

Produce semen into ejaculatory duct, supply fructose, secrete prostaglandins (stimulates motility), secrete fibrinogen (clot precursor)

Answer 55

seminal vesicles

Question 56

Produces alkaline fluid (neutralizes vaginal acidity), produces clotting enzymes to clot semen within female

Answer 56

prostate gland

Question 57

Secrete mucus to act as lubricant

Answer 57

bulbourethral glands

Question 58

Erdction is under what control?

Answer 58

Parasympathetic - point

Question 59

Ejaculation is under what control?

Answer 59

Sympathetic - shoot

Question 60

Name an obstructive cause of male infertility?

Answer 60

Cystic fibrosis

Question 61

What is adult normal testicular volume?

Answer 61

12- 25 mls

Question 62

What male imnfertility is suggested if low testicular volume, reduced seconadry sexula characteristics and vas deferens present - also high LH, FSH and low testosterone?

Answer 62

Non-obstructive

Question 63

indication for surgical sperm aspiration?

Answer 63

Azoospermia

Question 64

When does menstrual phase of endometrium occur?

Answer 64

Days 1 to 3

Question 65

In the proliferative phase of endometrium - what hormone causes growt?

Answer 65

Oestrogen

Question 66

In the secretory phase of endometrium what causes secretion?

Answer 66

Progesterone

Question 67

What investigation is indicated in abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial ablation, investigation of infertility etc?

Answer 67

Endometrial sampling

Question 68

What is an indication in endometrium for a biopsy?

Answer 68

Thickness greater than 4mm in post menopausal woman | greater than 16mm in premenopausal women

Question 69

What is chronic plasmacytic endometritis associated with?

Answer 69

PID (gonorrhjoea, chlamydia and enteric organisms

Question 70

In a misscariage what products of conception can be seen in histology?

Answer 70

Foetal red blood cells | Chorionic villi

Question 71

caused by a single (incidence is about 90%) or two (incidence is about 10%) sperm combining with an egg which has lost its DNA (the sperm then reduplicates forming a "complete" 46 chromosome set. Only paternal DNA is present in a complete mole.

Answer 71

Complete mole

Question 72

occurs when egg is fertilized by two sperm or by one sperm which reduplicates itself yielding the genotypes of 69,XXY (triploid). Partial moles have both maternal and paternal DNA

Answer 72

Partial mole

Question 73

What do complete hydatidiform moles have a higher risk of developing into ?

Answer 73

choriocarcinoma

Question 74

What is growth of leiomyoma dependent on?

Answer 74

Oestrogen