Week 11 (Achievement) Flashcards
(18 cards)
The ___ effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores (IQ) over time. The increase across each generation is usually by a full standard deviation.
Flynn
____ ____ is the ability to think flexibly, solve new problems, and learn in new situations.
Fluid intelligence
____ ____ is the ability to use acquired skills and knowledge.
Crystallized intelligence
Alfred Pinet and Theodore Simon formed the ___ of the modern IQ test, and used more of a psychometric approach in assessing intelligence.
basis
Which of these statements are true?
1) IQ test scores explain about 25% of variation in academic success
2) IQ test scores are the best single predictor of academic outcomes
3) IQ test scores correlate with years of schooling, level of employment, and workplace success
a) All are true
b) 1 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) None of the above
a) All are true
Howard Gardner came up with the ___ ___ theory which consists of 8 different forms of intelligences:
Linguistic
Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily/kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic
multiple intelligences
Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence proposes that intelligence is not a single trait but rather three distinct, yet interconnected, types:
____ abilities - Comparing, analysing, computing, evaluating
____ abilities - Inventing, discovering, synthesizing
____ abilities - Using and acting on information in the appropriate way
Analytic
Creative
Practical
___ ___ is the fear of conforming to a negative stereotype, leading to a reduction in performance. Making the stereotype salient can make children perform worse in tests.
Stereotype threat
There are 3 types of engagement in school that contribute to academic achievement:
____ - Interest in schoolwork, enthusiasm for learning
____ - Involvement in classroom activities, effort on schoolwork
____ - Attention in class, planning and monitoring
Affective, behavioural, cognitive
A study (Marks, 2000) found that children became less engaged in school as they got older.
Which of these statements are plausible?
1) The decline may be due to changes in the school environment as there is a greater emphasis on evaluation and children have lesser control
2) The decline may be due to changes in children as they may be less concerned with evaluation and have more desire for autonomy, they may also have competing interests on what they want rather than academic achievement
a) All statements are plausible
b) 1 only
c) 2 only
d) None of the above
a) All statements are plausible
A ____ ____-____ fit refers to a mismatch between an individual’s developmental stage and the environment they are in. This may lead to a decline in engagement in school.
poor environment-stage
Carol Dweck believed that children had different theories about how ___ ability is.
changeable
A study by Carol Dweck looked into how children responded to challenges, she divided their responses into 2 categories:
____ response (Engaged, effort attributions, positive affect)
____ response (Disengaged, ability attributions, negative affect)
Mastery response
Helpless response
A study by Muller & Dweck (1998) looked into how the role of praise and its consequences in incremental theories, mastery goals and engagement.
Which of the following statements are true?
1) Children who were praised for their effort scored higher overall in incremental theories, mastery goals, and engagement
2) Children who were praised for ability scored worse after given another easy task
3) Children who were praised for ability scored lower overall in incremental theories, mastery goals, and engagement
a) 1, 2 only
b) 2, 3 only
c) All of the statements are true
d) None of the above
c) All of the statements are true
Parents also have a role in achievement, there are 2 main types of parenting categorised that can affect achievement:
___ ___ parenting (Allow child to initiate own behaviour, encourage child to solve problems on their own)
___ parenting (Pressure child to meet external standards, regulate behaviour of child)
Autonomy supportive parenting
Controlling parenting
____ ____ ____ is the ability to put off an immediate reward for a better reward in the future.
Delay of gratification
In the ___ ___ theory of corporal punishment, the negative effects of physical discipline might vary depending on the extent to which physical discipline is perceived as normative and appropriate.
cultural normativeness
A study (Kochanska, Murray, & Harlan, 2000) looked into the role of authoritative parenting and its effects on children.
Which of the statements are true?
1) Authoritative parenting promotes a sense of agency
2) Authoritative parenting does not assist with regulation of distress
3) Authoritative parenting does not provide practice in meeting demands
4) Authoritative parenting predicted heightened self-control among toddlers
a) All statements are true
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, and 4 only
c) 1 and 4 only
