Week 2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is Behaviour?
- Is anything that a person says or does
- is any muscular, glandular, or electrical activity of an organism
What are overt behaviours?
Behaviours that could be observed and recorded by an individual other than the one performing the behavior
What are some examples of overt behaviours?
Walking, talking out loud, throwing a baseball and yelling at someone
What are some behaviour synonyms?
Activity, action, performance, responding, response, and reaction
What are covert/invisible behaviours?
Behaviours that cannot be observed by others
What are some examples of covert/invisible behaviours?
Thinking, feeling, reasoning, remembering and dreaming
Characteristics of behaviour that can be measured are called?
Dimensions of Behaviour
What is Duration and give an example?
The length of time a behaviour lasts
E.g., time on Netflix
What is Frequency and give an example?
The number of instances a behaviour occurs
E.g., number of emails sent
What is Intensity/force/magnitude and give an example?
A physical effort or energy involved in emitting a behavior
E.g., MPH on treadmill; wattage on rowing machine
What are Summary Labels for Behaviour?
They are often used to talk about behavior
What are some examples of Summary Labels?
- Dishonest (or honest)
- Hardworking (or lazy)
- Reliable (or unreliable)
- Dependent (or independent)
- Generous (or stingy)
- Skillful (or incompetent)
- Creative
Do Summary Labels identify specific behaviours?
No, they do not actually identify specific behaviurs
What are the Pros and Cons of Summary Labels?
Pros:
* Provides general, readily understood information about how a person might perform = efficient way to talk
* May imply a specific treatment program will be helpful (e.g., Dyslexia)
Cons:
* Pseudo-explanations) circular reasoning) e.g., ADHD
* May negatively affect the way in which an individual is treated (e.g., mental illness, Autistic, “artsy”, problem student, etc.)
What are two ways behaviour analysts define problems?
Behavioural Excess and Behavioural Deficit
What is Behavoural Excess and give examples?
Too much of a particular type of behavior
Examples:
* Spending too much time playing video games
* Too much time on your phone
* Too much time on Tik Tok
* Asking too many questions in class
* Exercising and lifting weights in the gym
What is Behavioural Deficit and give examples?
Too little of a particular type of behavior; either can’t do it (skill deficit – can’t do) or don’t do enough of it (performance deficit – won’t do)
Examples:
* Social skills
* Too little exercise
* Flossing your teeth
* Math computation
* House work
What is Behaviour Modification?
The systematic application of learning principles and techniques to assess and improve individuals’ covert and overt behaviors in order to enhance their daily functioning
First characterististic of behaviour modification
Emphasis on defining problems in terms of
measurable behavior and using changes in behavior as the indicator of improvement
Second characteristic of behaviour modification
The use of treatment procedures and techniques to alter an individual’s current environment to help that individual live more fully
What are the physical variables that make up a person’s environment called?
Stimuli
What is Stimuli and give an example?
Are the people, objects, and events that can affect behavior
E.g., moving trash/recycling closer to tables in cafeteria
Third characteristic of behaviour modification
Methods and rationales can be described precisely (i.e., a technological approach)
Fourth characteristic of behaviour modification
Techniques are often applied by individuals in everyday life
Examples:
* Parents
* Teachers and Education Assistants
* Coaches
* Supervisors and Bosses
