Week 4 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Positive Reinforcer
Is anything that when presented immediately following a behavior causes the behavior to increase in frequency
Positive Reinforcement
if someone in a given situation does something that is followed immediately by a positive reinforcer, then that person is more likely to do the same thing the next time he or she encounters a similar situation
Operant Behaviour
Behavior that
affects (“operates on”) the
environment to produce
consequences which is, in turn,
influenced by those conditions
Operant Learning
Behavior is
modified (selected) by its
consequences
8 Factors Related to the Effectiveness of Positive Reinforcement
- Selecting
the Behavior
to Be
Increased - Choosing Reinforcers
- Motivating
Operations - Reinforcer
Size - Instructions: Make Use of Rules
- Reinforcer
Immediacy - Contingent vs. Noncontingent Reinforcers
Motivating Operations
Are related to
states of deprivation and satiation or
habituation
Value Altering
Temporarily alter the effectiveness of
a reinforcer
Behaviour Altering
Alter the frequency of behavior
reinforced by that reinforcer
Food Deprivation
- Establishes food as an effective
reinforcer (alters its value) - Momentarily increases behaviors
that have been reinforced by food
(behavior altering)
Satiation
Refers to the condition in which the individual has experienced the reinforcer to such an extent that it is no longer reinforcing
Contingent Reinforcement
A specific behavior must
occur before the reinforcer will be presented
Natural Reinforcers
Reinforcers that follow behavior in the course of everyday living
Noncontigent Reinforcement
The reinforcer is presented at a particular time, regardless of the preceding behaviour
Simple Conditioned Reinforcer
- A conditioned reinforcer that
is paired with a single backup reinforcer - E.g., Fuel card, Compass card, Gift certificate for entrance to the Capilano Suspension Bridge
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer
- A conditioned reinforcer
that is paired with more than one kind of backup reinforcer - E.g., Money, praise, Starbucks card, iTunes card
Unconditioned Reinforcement
Reinforcement that works without prior learning
Conditioned Reinforcement
A stimulus that acts as reinforcement because of the individual’s learning history
Four Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Conditioned Reinforcement
- Strength of Backup Reinforcers
- Variety of
Backup
Reinforcers - Number of
Pairings with
a Backup
Reinforcer - Loss of
Value of a
Conditioned
Reinforcer
