Week 9

Question 1

Antecedent Control

Answer 1

Is using existing forms of stimulus control to change behavior

Question 2

Treatments that focus on the manipulation of antecedents fall into six categories

Answer 2

1. Rules
2. Goals
3. Modeling
4. Physical guidance
5. Situational inducement
6. Motivation

Question 3

Rules

Answer 3

A rule is a verbal stimulus that describes a situation in which a particular behavior will lead to a particular consequence

Question 4

Rules CONT

Answer 4

• Lead to reinforcers or punishers
• Can function as an SD

Question 5

Explicit Rules

Answer 5

They state precise reinforcers or punishers

Question 6

Implicit Rules

Answer 6

They imply favorable or unpleasant consequences

Question 7

Partial Rules

Answer 7

Rules that do not identify all three aspects of a contingency (antecedent, behavior, consequence)

Question 8

Contingency-Shaped Behavior
(not rule governed!)

Answer 8

Behavior shaped by coming into contact with reinforcers or punishers

Question 9

Contingency-Shaped Behavior
(not rule governed!) CONT

Answer 9

Relies on immediate consequences and develops through trial and error

Question 10

Rule-Governed Behavior

Answer 10

When behavior is controlled by the statement of a rule

Question 11

Use Rules When…

Answer 11

1. When shaping, chaining, or trial-and-error are too slow and inefficient
2. To bridge the delay to future consequences
3. When schedules of reinforcement are lean.
4. When the consequences are bad!

Question 12

Effective Rules

Answer 12

Specific descriptions of behavior, circumstances, probable and sizeable consequences and deadlines

Question 13

Ineffective Rules

Answer 13

Vague descriptions of behavior, circumstances, improbable and small but cumulatively significant consequences and no deadlines

Question 14

Goal

Answer 14

Level of performance or outcome one attempts to achieve either individually or as a group

Question 15

Goal CONT

Answer 15

Is a rule that acts as a motivating operation to achieve a specific desired objective

Question 16

Goal CONT

Answer 16

Describes the circumstances, the behavior, and the reinforcer or desired objective

Question 17

Goal Setting

Answer 17

The process of making goals for oneself or others

Question 18

2 Types of Goals

Answer 18

1. Goals for behavior (eating healthier, exercising more)
2. Goals for the products or outcomes of behavior (losing weight, lowering blood pressure)

Question 19

Effective Goal Setting

Answer 19

Specific goals, include mastery criteria, identify the circumstances under which the target behavior should occur, realistic and challenging, public, deadlines, feedback and committment

Question 20

Ineffective Goal Setting

Answer 20

Vague, ‘do ypur best’, private, no deadlines, goal setting alone and no feedback and no committment

Question 21

Modeling

Answer 21

A procedure whereby a behavior is demonstrated to an individual to induce that individual to engage in a similar behavior

Question 22

4 Factors Influencing Effectiveness of Modeling

Answer 22

1. Instructions
2. Modeling
3. Rehearsal
4. Reinforcement

Question 23

Behavioral Skills Training (BST)

Answer 23

The combination of instructions, modeling, behavioral rehearsal or role-playing, and reinforcement to teach a variety of skills

Question 24

Physical Guidance

Answer 24

The application of physical contact to induce an individual to perform a behavior

Question 25

Situational Inducement

Answer 25

The influence of a behavior through the use of situations and occasions that already exert control over behavior

Question 26

4 Categories of Situational Inducement

Answer 26

1. Rearranging the existing surroundings 2. Moving the activity to a new location 3. Relocating people 4. Changing the time of the activity

Question 27

Traditional View of Motivation

Answer 27

* Motivation is conceptualized as a ‘thing’ that causes our behaviors * Involves circular reasoning * Practical problems with a traditional view of motivation

Question 28

Motivating Operation (MO)

Answer 28

* An event or operation that temporarily alters the effectiveness of a reinforcer or punisher (Value-Altering Effect) * Influences behavior that normally leads to that reinforcer or punisher (Behavior-Altering Effect)

Question 29

4 Types of Motivating Operations (MO)

Answer 29

1. Establishing Operations (EO) 2. Aboloshing Operations (AO) 3. Unconditioned MOs (UMOs) 4. Conditioned MOs (CMOs)

Question 30

Establishing Operation (EO)

Answer 30

Event or operation that temporarily increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer

Question 31

Aboloshing Operation

Answer 31

Event or operation that temporarily decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer

Question 32

Unconditioned MO's (UMOs)

Answer 32

The value-altering effect is innate

Question 33

Conditioned MOs (CMOs)

Answer 33

The value-altering effect is learned

Question 34

Sd

Answer 34

Stimulus that has been correlated with the availability of reinforcement for a particular behavior

Question 35

CMEO

Answer 35

Motivator that temporarily increases the value of a conditioned reinforcer and increases the likelihood of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past

Question 36

S-Delta

Answer 36

Signals that reinforcement is not available for a given behavior (a particular behavior will not result in reinforcement when an S-Delta is present)

Question 37

CMAO

Answer 37

Ttemporarily decreases the value of a conditioned reinforcer and decreases the likelihood of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past

Question 38

Verbal Behavior

Answer 38

Behavior that is mediated by another person

Question 39

Echoic

Answer 39

Vocal imitative response developed and maintained via social reinforcement

Question 40

Tact

Answer 40

Labeling response developed and maintained via social reinforcement

Question 41

Mand

Answer 41

Verbal response (request) under the control of a motivating operation and reinforced by access to the desired stimulus or removal of an aversive stimulus

Question 42

Intraverbal

Answer 42

A verbal response under the control of another verbal response