Week 2 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Our health is determined by a range of factors: these include:
1.age and genetic factors
2. Health behaviours e.g. diet,exercise, smoking, and alcohol use
3. Socio-economic factors e.g. education ,income, and employment
4. The built environment
5. Clinical care
What is the life course approach
A persons physical and mental health and well-being are influenced throughout life by the wider determinants of health. All these factors can be categorised as protective factors risk factors
What are the positive factors of the life course approach
Having a healthy and balanced diet
An environment that enables physical activity
Good education attainment
Being in stable employment with a good income
Living in good quality housing
Having networks of support including friends and family
What are some of the risk factors
Smoking
Adverse childhood experiences
Crime and violence
Drug and alcohol misuse
Poor educational attainment
Poor mental health
What does intrinsic capacity mean?
Refers to the internal attributes that we are born with, such as our physical and mental health. These can be boosted by supportive environment and social factors throughout our lives, therefore contributing to our functional ability.
What does functional ability mean?
Having the capabilities that enable all people to be and do what they have reason to value. This included a person’s ability to meet their basic needs,learn, grow and make decisions, be mobile, build and maintain relationships and contribute to society
Name the 4 levels of determinants and what they mean.
Policy- organisational and governmental aspects
Environment- access/ availability of tools/services and proximal/distal built and natural surroundings
Interpersonal- relationships with parents, relatives, peers, and socio-cultural networks
Individual- biological, psychological and behaviour aspects
What are the goals of health promotion
Increase awareness
Improve health
Prevent disease
Motivate patients to take control of their health
Decrease complications
What are the 3 pillars of health promotion
Good governance
Healthy cities
Healthy literacy
What percentage of the wider determinants of healths and what they are
40%- wider factors- education, family support,income,job status
30%- behaviours- tobacco use, alcohol use, diet and exercise, sexual activity
20%- health- access and quality of care
10%- environment- housing, air quality and green spaces
What is the medical approach
Aim- reduce morbidity and premature mortality
Targets whole population or high-risk groups
Primary prevention- prevention of onset of disease e.g. immunisation
Secondary prevention- prevention of disease progression via early diagnosis
Tertiary prevention- reduction of further disability or suffering e.g. rehab, palliative care
What is the behaviour change approach
Aim- encourage population to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviours
Targets individuals through different approaches
Top down approach- led approach, however uses strategies that focus on the needs and preferences of individuals
What is the educational approach ?
Aim- provide knowledge and skills required for informed decision making about health
No push towards particular behaviours, goal is not to resurgent or motivate
Assumption that increase knowledge-change in attitudes- behaviour change
What is the empowerment approach
Aim- help population to identify issues and gain skills/ knowledge to act upon them.
Bottom-up strategy: health promotion practitioner support and facilities before withdrawing
Often uses counselling and person-entered approaches to increase peoples control
What is the social change approach
Aim- facilitate changes within the physical, social, and economic environment that positively impact upon health.
Goal to make the “healthy choice the easy choice”.
Addresses issues such as affordability and availability
Top-down approach, which involves changes within the environment, new policies or legislations
